2617 Archived Updates for PainScience.com

Like good footnotes, update logging sets PainScience.com apart from most other health websites and blogs. It’s fine print, but important fine print, in the same spirit of transparency as the editing history available for Wikipedia pages. I log any change to articles that might be of interest to a keen reader. This is an all-time list of changes only. For a broader overview of recent new content, see What’s New on PainScience.com?

showing of 2617 all-time updates

M	Jan 11	Heat for Pain and Rehab — Two small new sections, “Comfort vs analgesia” and “Heating time: how long does it take?” There’s actually more new content tucked away in a footnote about Bartholdy et al on heated mittens.
L	Jan 7	What Happened To My Barber? — New section, “An activator incident: can a light tap injure the neck?”
S	Dec 20	Does Ultrasound or Shockwave Therapy Work? — Added a new citation to the shockwave evidence highlights, plus some older ones.
L	Dec 15	Tissue Provocation Therapies in Musculoskeletal Medicine — Substantial revision and expansion.
L	Dec 13	Does Ultrasound or Shockwave Therapy Work? — Major expansion of “Adding injury to injury: shockwave therapy’s big idea.” This nerdy new members-only section roughly doubled in size over the last couple days of writing and revision, and now most notably includes a much more complete discussion of the biological effects of shockwave therapy.
M	Dec 11	Does Ultrasound or Shockwave Therapy Work? — Several improvements to the review of clinical studies of shockwave therapy. More still coming.
L	Dec 10	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Science update, shockwave therapy — A small but important update: new good quality negative evidence. Sigh.
M	Dec 8	Does Ultrasound or Shockwave Therapy Work? — Science update: several citations about shockwave for erectile dysfunction (just one line in the article, but the footnotes are practically a mini-article unto themselves).
S	Dec 6	Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements for Pain & Healing — Minor science updates and additions about creatine.
S	Dec 6	The Insomnia Guide for Chronic Pain Patients — Added a little more about creatine and it’s potential to treat sleep deprivation.
S	Dec 3	Trigger Points on Trial — Minor editing for clarity and currency.
S	Dec 3	How to Treat Sciatic Nerve Pain — Added a comprehensive list of the major diagnostic possibilities.
S	Dec 3	Does Epsom Salt Work? — Added sidebar, strange magnesium claims — Added a sidebar for colour and whimsy: “Weird health claims about magnesium.”
M	Dec 1	14 Kinds of Bogus Citations — I finally added “The Zombie.” Better late than never!
L	Nov 30	Achilles Tendinitis Treatment Science — Substantial science update and general upgrade to the topical glyceryl trinitrate section.
M	Nov 30	Salamander and Regeneration Science — New section, “Every therapy in the rehab business thinks its ‘regenerative’.”
S	Nov 26	What Happened To My Barber? — Added a good quality diagram of artery dissection.
M	Nov 26	Alternative Medicine’s Choice — Added a significant sidebar, “The epic double-standards for mainstream and alternative medicine.”
M	Nov 23	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — More content, dry needling — Added a substantial new sub-section, “Overestimating success rates for dry needling,” which explores the way clinicians are mostly unaware of their substantial failures with dry needling.
L	Nov 22	Alternative Medicine’s Choice — Improved a section I added a while back and forgot to log: “Alternative medicine: hung up on pseudoscience and anti-science.”
L	Nov 19	Cramps, Spasms, Tremors & Twitches — Added a new section about the instructive extreme of the spasticity of rabies infections — a disease that literally kills with cramps.
M	Nov 15	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — New content, exercise is anti-inflammatory — Added a more general summary of the case for exercise being “anti-inflammatory.
M	Nov 15	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — Science update, treatment — Updates, clarifications, and additions based on new evidence.
M	Nov 14	Strength Training for Pain & Injury Rehab — Added many photos of “women who lift heavy things.”
M	Nov 14	Chronic Pain and Inequality — More detailed section about the myth of women's fragility, and the risks of pelvic organ prolapse with heavy lifting, plus a substantial footnote about going “beyond kegels” to build strength to prevent POP.
M	Nov 11	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Science updated, steroids section — Added an encouraging anecdote about steroids working really well for frozen shoulder, and a section about the huge GRASP trial of steroids vs. exercise (not for frozen shoulder, but still relevant).
L	Nov 9	Does Hip Strengthening Work for IT Band Syndrome? — A long overdue update to this topic, but … I was waiting for worthwhile science. It finally arrived (Leppänen) and it challenges my bias quite effectively. But it’s still just one study.
M	Nov 9	Does Ultrasound or Shockwave Therapy Work? — Improvements to the section, “Adding injury to injury: shockwave therapy’s big idea.”
M	Nov 7	Does Ultrasound or Shockwave Therapy Work? — Continued improvements to shockwave content. Today I added more detail about shockwave’s ability to cause microtrauma and break up calcifications.
L	Nov 5	Vibration Therapies, from Massage Guns to Jacuzzis — Added new section, “The shockwave evidence,” which isn’t great and reflects poorly on the even weaker evidence for massage guns.
L	Nov 5	Does Ultrasound or Shockwave Therapy Work? — More extensive changes and reorganization, with substantial upgrades to all the information about shockwave therapy.
S	Nov 1	The Pressure Question in Massage Therapy — Enriched the intro with a little “deeper” perspective on the appeal of deep tissue massage.
M	Oct 30	Does Ultrasound or Shockwave Therapy Work? — Minor but widespread improvements, and some science updates. Shockwave therapy is becoming a more prominent part of the article as it replaces low-intensity ultrasound in the marketplace.
M	Oct 27	The Insomnia Guide for Chronic Pain Patients — Science update. Added more nuanced information about creatine. Does it compensate for the effects of the sleep deprivation it causes?
L	Oct 26	Strength Training for Pain & Injury Rehab — Added sub-topic, “Weightlifting as medicine for pain and injury.” This article has always mostly been about the systemic, anti-aging, and injury prevention benefits of resistance training. To the extent that it discussed resistance training as a rehab tool, it was mostly to push back against the dominent physical therapy paradigm of “corrective” strength training intended to address perceived biomechanical deficiencies. Despite that problem, resistance training probably is directly analgesic and/or therapeutic — and that optimistic perspective has now been added to the article, finally. And there’s a bunch more coming.
L	Oct 25	Tennis Elbow Guide — Added a “story about pain relief from doing the most painful thing,” which was just simple strength training.
M	Oct 23	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Added — A new entry for the hall of treatment shame: “Tok sen massage (hammer-and-wedge, from an extremely popular internet video).”
L	Oct 22	The Chiropractic Controversies — Added a section, “But is it chiropractic? Hammering home the profession’s PR challenges.” This is similar to the recent blog post, but with significant revisions and additions. I also updated the “chiropractors are not trusted” citation at the top of the article — still the same statistic after almost 20 years (and probably much longer).
L	Oct 21	Placebo Power Hype — Added a section about therapy theatre.
S	Oct 16	Psoas, So What? — Science update: added a minor but interesting citation about the role of iliopsoas in sprinting.
L	Oct 9	Guide to Repetitive Strain Injuries — Substantial editing, revision, and upgrades for the (very large) members only section of this article.
S	Oct 9	Progressive Training — Minor science update.
S	Sep 30	What Works for Chronic Pain? — Added “a new generation of pain-killers” as a third category of legitimately promising “advanced” approaches to pain.
M	Sep 19	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Science update, patellar circulation — At last, some long-awaited new patellar circulation evidence, plus significant revision and other improvements, especially the addition of a new discussion about the therapeutic implications (does exercise improve circulation, mainly).
L	Sep 16	Quite a Stretch — New — Substantial new sidebar, “Reciprocal inhibition invalidated,” about how a major premise for “advanced” PNF stretching was largely disproven in 2009.
S	Sep 16	Pain is Weird — Science update, pulsatile pain — Added a dash of extra science about how the rhythm of pulsatile pain is set (if it’s not the heart rate).
M	Sep 8	Chronic Pain and Inequality — Science update: added a citation to Jin, showing strong links between systemic racism and chronic pain, with a particularly robust footnote on the topic.
M	Sep 6	Cramps, Spasms, Tremors & Twitches — New section about magnesium for cramps.
L	Sep 5	Placebo Power Hype — Added a section about placebo analgesia — very better-late-than-never in the evolution of this article! Also added a new summary for the article, and a nerdy but critical clarification about the difference between the placebo “effect” versus “response.” There are two important new citations to Evers and Hohenschurz-Schmidt.
S	Aug 28	Does Ultrasound or Shockwave Therapy Work? — Science update for ESWT for plantar fasciitis.
S	Aug 28	Zapped! Does TENS work for pain? — Science update for pulsed electromagnetic field therapy.
M	Aug 22	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update, intro to the nature of the beast — First update to this section in eight years, because the basic point has been sound the whole time. What changed? Better science, just a particularly good and relevant study that supports the gist of this introduction more strongly than anything that was available before.
M	Aug 21	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — Complete re-write of the toxins and poisons section.
L	Aug 19	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — Major upgrade, food additives — Added new examples and much more detail, plus a new image.
M	Aug 19	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — Upgrade, microplastics — More detail, added an image.
L	Aug 19	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — Major upgrade, pollutants — More detailed hazard and risk assessment, much more information about lead, new images, and useful good news about indoor air quality management options.
L	Aug 14	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — New section.
M	Aug 13	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — Upgraded, surgical meshes — Expanded and improved the discussion of surgical meshes, especially acknowledging the degree of controversy and lack of evidence.
L	Aug 8	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — New sub-topic, allergies — Added a discussion of “Mammalian meat allergy” (yes, a real thing). The section was also removed from the member’s only area and is now available to all.
L	Aug 6	Strength Training for Pain & Injury Rehab — New sub-topic, “Strengthening headwinds and handicaps.”
M	Jul 29	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New sub-topic, backpacks and back pain.
L	Jul 25	Placebo Power Hype — Added a new members-only section: “3 placebo paradoxes pacified.”
S	Jul 25	Reluctantly Reconsidering RESTORE — Added a footnote clarifying a potentially controversial point about the nature of CFT.
S	Jul 24	Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements for Pain & Healing — Added a sidebar summarizing the potential harms of supplements.
L	Jul 21	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New chapter, all about walking for back pain.
M	Jul 16	Quite a Stretch — Revised intro — Thoroughly re-wrote the introduction and summaries (which are often used when the article is cited by other articles). It’s amazing to me that I can re-visit one of my oldest and most polished articles and immediately find many ways to improve it! Revising introdutions and summaries isn't all that significant for readers, at least not consciously, but it is an art form unto itself — it takes a great deal of thoughtful work to capture as many key points as possible from the body of the article and compress them as much as possible.
L	Jul 5	Many Pages — Significant under-the-hood upgrade to the site. PainSci grew out of two different “content management systems,” which has slowly become a major publishing challenge. This update begins the process of merging them. While largely invisible to visitors, there are a few useful changes: for instance, bibliography pages now “know about” blog posts, and can say which five posts they’ve been cited in. That was a long time coming, I can tell you!
M	Jul 4	Knee Replacement Surgery Doubts — New section: “Severe arthritis: does ‘bone-on-bone’ mean you need surgery? You should be more worried about surgeons who say BOB than your arthritis.”
M	Jul 4	Bone on Bone — Miscellaneous minor improvements, added audio versions, integrated with other closely related articles, especially Knee Replacement Surgery Doubts.
L	Jul 3	Bone on Bone — Extensive minor improvements.
L	Jul 1	Bone on Bone — Publication.
M	Jun 29	DMSO for Pain — Added a section about DMSO2.
M	Jun 28	DMSO for Pain — Numerous improvements, individually minor, collectively significant. Great example of a “day after” update! Twenty-four hours ago I felt done and I was out of ideas, but I just spent 90 minutes improving it.
L	Jun 24	Opioids for Chronic Aches & Pains — Major improvements and updates, adding more information and perspective about the drug war, opioid phobia, and more and newer evidence about the efficacy of opioids for acute and chronic pain.
S	Jun 19	You Might Just Be Weird — Minor improvements.
M	Jun 11	Chronic Pain as a Conditioned Behaviour — A bunch of editing.
M	Jun 4	The Trouble with Chairs — Science update. After flip-flopping repeatedly over the years on the question of whether or not sedentariness is a threat to backs, I have given up and shifted this article to an “it’s complicated” position. Good contradictory studies have now been cited. The story is now about the perpetual controversy and uncertainty.
M	Jun 4	Alternative Medicine’s Choice — Science update. Added a couple citations about the harm that can be done by health care institutions and (closely related) physicians who lack empathy.
M	Jun 1	Pseudo-Quackery in Physical Therapy — Numerous updates in the last couple years, all so small that didn't log them individually, but they've added up to something. This article has not been neglected since 2021, and it is increasingly one of the workhorses of the site, making one of the most important points I have to make.
M	May 31	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Minor addition, posture chapter — Added a bit of a rant, some summary perspective and colour: “Chasing posture as a cause of back pain is a dead end.”
S	May 29	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Editing, multiple topics — Just editing, but a noteworthy batch of edits to several chapters. I made minor corrections and adjustments to every recently added or revised chapter, and some small but (I hope) meaningful clarifications to how “resting” is presented as a treatment strategy.
L	May 27	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New chapter, risk factors — New chapter, inspired by new evidence, about how being out of shape is probably worse for your spine than biomechanical glitches, and how back pain patients eat more junk food.
M	May 22	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Revised, vicious cycle hypothesis — This is mostly an old chapter, but reframed, revised, with significant clarifications and caveats added. Despite being mostly the same, it’s quite different!
L	May 22	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New chapter, anxiety and back pain.
M	May 16	Reluctantly Reconsidering RESTORE — Conversion from a members-only blog post to a free article in the main PainSci library, with a variety of minor adjustments.
M	May 15	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — More detail — More and better information about the dramatic over-prescription of anticonvulsants.
M	May 15	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Addition — Added an important clarification and citation about Nachemson’s famous flexion loading chart.
L	May 9	Bone on Bone — First “draft” published as a blog post (actually it was quite a polished members-only post, but also destined to be the introduction to this longer article).
L	May 5	Chronic Pain as a Conditioned Behaviour — Added a substantial new review of the science and plausibility of conditioned pain, especially regarding a new experiment by Kang et al.
S	May 4	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — Added another good example of early onset Parkinson’s that looked like typical sports injuries.
L	May 2	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — New sub-topic, patellofemoral joint replacement — Added a substantial discussion of patellofemoral joint replacement, and made a number of other modest improvements to the surgery chapter.
L	Apr 17	Whole Body Cryotherapy for Pain — New section: “Ice baths for performance? No!”
L	Apr 16	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New chapter.
L	Apr 15	Water Fever and the Fear of Chronic Dehydration — New section: “Dehydration itself may be less potent than fearing it.”
S	Apr 14	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Added exercise advice — Oddly, the summary of all treatment recommendations chapter had nothing to say about exercise until now. Better late than never!
L	Apr 14	Achilles Tendinitis Treatment Science — New section: “Treating calcific Achilles tendinitis with surgery.”
S	Apr 13	The Trouble with Chairs — Science update. Added another new citation about the weekend warrior exercise pattern, and it’s another quite reassuring one (O’Donovan et al).
L	Apr 13	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Substantial re-write, exercise chapter — I added a new section about the science of back exercise, based largely on a major new review (IJzelenberg) … and then kept going and significantly improved the whole chapter.
S	Apr 3	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Minor upgrades, patellofemoral joint pressure — After publishing part of this chapter as an excerpt, I made several minor improvements, and added one simple diagram.
M	Mar 27	Whole Body Cryotherapy for Pain — Significant improvements to the safety section. Always a good section to improve.
S	Mar 22	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — Minor improvements, alcohol section — Added some reader comments, a footnote about neuroticism and alcohol, and did a little editing.
L	Mar 20	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — New section, about alcohol use disorder and alcohol hyperalgesia.
S	Mar 16	Chronic Pain and Inequality — Science update: cited Boyd on poor demographic reporting and representation in pain research.
L	Mar 5	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — New chapter, self-exam for patellofemoral joint tenderness.
M	Mar 4	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Science update, Botox injection — There is no significant new evidence, but the chapter was missing some significant old evidence. I added that, and did some general editing and revising while I was at it. Bottom line unchanged.
M	Mar 3	Painful Lessons — Added two new items: “Pain is mainly a function of complex and messy physiology,” and “Quackery and crankery is the rule for chronic pain treatment, not the exception.” Elaborated on “the science is a mess.”
M	Mar 1	Reviews of Pain Professions — Added “Manual therapy (a category of professions).”
S	Mar 1	Manual Therapy: What is it, and does it work? — Substantial editing, with particularly meticulous improvements to the article summary, which is widely reproduced wherever relevant around the site. “Integration” with the rest of the library is a standard production step for all articles — linking to and from other articles — but it was particularly extensive here, because the topic is so important to PainScience.com as a whole. There are many dozens of appropriate places to summarize manual therapy, or some aspect of it, and link to more information, so it was very important to have a highly polished summary.
M	Feb 29	Whole Body Cryotherapy for Pain — Added a few citations. More detail and polish throughout the article.
M	Feb 28	A Historical Perspective On Aches ‘n’ Pains — General improvements and modernization. I particularly fleshed out the “new” section (from 6 years ago!) about why “poor quality healthcare for chronic pain and injury is still the rule.”
M	Feb 27	Painful Lessons — Added more thoughts about how skepticism goes wrong, and the accessibility and importance of resistance training.
S	Feb 26	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Added detail, chinook headaches — Added some conspicuously missing detail about how cinook headaches work.
S	Feb 17	You Might Just Be Weird — Added an item about variants of the shape of nasal passages and sinuses being a plausible explanation for the phenomenon of chinook headaches.
S	Feb 10	Massage Therapy Side Effects — Added citation to a case study of a gluteal blood vessel seriously damaged by “deep tissue” massage (see Sun). Also added a fairly substantive footnote about the reaction this item got on social media.
L	Feb 9	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — New section, gait retraining.
S	Feb 8	Tissue Provocation Therapies in Musculoskeletal Medicine — Minor editing. Added a more or less complete list of “provocation therapies,” also serving as a partial table of contents.
M	Feb 2	Does Fascia Matter? — Added information, origins section — Discussed naprapathy as a great example of the older, deeper roots of modern fascia pseudoscience.
M	Jan 31	Does Posture Matter? — Editing, conclusion — “Just” a bunch of editing and polish. Sometimes that is a “just,” but in this case I actually worked really hard on the language. I’ve been saying this stuff for many years… it deserves a really good summary and mic drop! Also added an image and some supplementary detail.
L	Jan 22	Tissue Provocation Therapies in Musculoskeletal Medicine — I shared a quote from this article about scraping massage, and it was extremely popular, so I decided to do a wave of updates to this article for the first time in several years. I upgraded the summary, added detail and citations to the eccentric loading section, and added two whole new sections: “The SAID principle: another basic concept in adaptation” and “Is trigger point therapy “provocative”? I also added a more detailed description of the “potency bias.”
M	Jan 20	Guide to Repetitive Strain Injuries — Updated citations for the claim that "a lot of regular exercise does not inevitably destroy joints." I added a couple news ones (Voinier, Weng), a couple old ones (Luke, Williams), and improved the annotations.
M	Jan 19	Anxiety & Chronic Pain — Extensive improvements to the section, “Reasonable doubt: the special threat of health anxiety (hypochondria).” Nothing of substance has changed, it’s just more and better on an important sub-topic. The section is in this guide’s members-only area, but the section is also available as a free post for a while. I added a new audio version.
S	Jan '24	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Minor improvements, recommendations round-up — Integrated and updated barefoot running advice, and other minor changes.
M	Jan '24	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — New content, barefoot running effects — Added specific information about the effect of barefoot running on plantar fasciitis, and related minor editing. This chapter now fits in better with the new one about barefoot walking.
L	Jan '24	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — New chapter, barefoot walking.
S	Jan '24	Neuropathies Are Overdiagnosed — More and better detail on the over-prescription of anticonvulsants.
L	Dec '23	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — New content, tight IT band chapter — Added a fascinating and extreme case study that perfectly illustrates the potential relationship between ITBS and patellofemoral pain (though still exasperatingly unclear). Includes audio version.
L	Dec '23	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — New content, iliotibial tightness chapter — Added a fascinating and extreme case study that perfectly illustrates the potential relationship between ITBS and patellofemoral pain (though still exasperatingly unclear). Includes audio version.
L	Dec '23	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Revised and expanded, trigger points chapter — The section had been short and basic for many years, and many readers would never have guessed how much more I’ve written about this topic. It’s now more thorough and more in tune with the times, including the modern skeptical pespective on trigger points, and a more nuanced discussion of what role they might or might not have in patellofemoral pain.
S	Dec '23	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Minor editing, patellofemoral pain vs ITBS — Just a few little improvements, especially harmonizing with the IT band tightness chapter.
L	Dec '23	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Many improvements, differential diagnosis — After greatly expanding this chapter in 2022, it was a bit of a mess: thorough but disorganized. I eliminated some egregious rambling (was I drunk?).
M	Dec '23	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — New topic, analgesics chapter — Added a small section: “Be careful what you wish for: pain relief can be problematic.”
M	Dec '23	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Major revision, intro to diagnosis — I pretty much just started from scratch and re-wrote this chapter. It’s now better in all the ways, I think.
M	Dec '23	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Minor update, cervicogenic headache chapter — Added more detail about occipital neuralgia.
L	Dec '23	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — New section, criteria for discontinuing running.
L	Dec '23	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — New sub-topic, cartilage thickness — Added a substantive new sub-topic: “Built for pressure: How thick is the patellofemoral joint cartilage? And the patella?”
L	Dec '23	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Evidence update — Updated several references throughout the introductory sections, along with many related edits and improvements.
M	Dec '23	The Medical Blind Spot for Aches, Pains & Injuries — Fairly extensive modernization of the article, reflecting substantial evolution in my views over the last decade.
L	Nov '23	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — New section.
M	Nov '23	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Minor update, cervicogenic headache chapter — Discussed the special case of occipital neuralgia.
S	Nov '23	Cramps, Spasms, Tremors & Twitches — Added hemifacial spasm to the list of examples of pathological contractions.
S	Oct '23	Vulnerability to Chronic Pain — Added a little evidence and evidence-informed speculation about the possibility of more short-term anti-inflammatory benefits of a healthier diet.
L	Oct '23	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — New section, on junk food as an inflammation driver.
S	Oct '23	Marijuana for Pain — Science update about the efficacy and safety of CBD — all bad news, I’m afraid. But it’s not surprising.
M	Oct '23	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Revision, MDT review chapter — Just a bunch of miscellaneous revision as I prepared the chapter for publication as an excerpt.
M	Oct '23	Neuropathies Are Overdiagnosed — Science update with some substance, a bit more than just a citation: Peet et al really adds to the case that the fraudulent marketing of anticonvulsants was a pain care catastrophe, resulting in extreme over-prescription.
L	Oct '23	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New section.
L	Sep '23	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Rewritten, back pain as an overuse injury — Like-new re-write. Before: simplistic and old-school by my 2023 standards. After: not very scientifically rigorous, but much more informed and wide-ranging speculation. And kinda fun.
S	Sep '23	Marijuana for Pain — Added a citation to Gedin on the role of placebo, poor blinding, and media buzz.
S	Sep '23	Ten Trillion Cells Walked Into a Bar — Added a fresh citation (first note) about the number of cells we have: roughly thirty trillion, according to a new paper.
S	Sep '23	Opioids for Chronic Aches & Pains — Edited. Made several minor clarifications, most notably emphasizing that opioids are indeed effective for some kinds of chronic pain (despite being surprisingly ineffective for so many others).
M	Sep '23	Trigger Point Doubts — Added a very substantial (bloated?) new footnote, in which I (finally) provide my best guesses for “what really happened” in a trigger point therapy success story. There’s also a blog post.
M	Aug '23	A Deep Dive into Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness — A variety of modest improvements to the sections on active recovery, particularly the evidence.
L	Aug '23	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New chapter, treating rib subluxations.
L	Aug '23	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New chapter, rib subluxations — Not just a new chapter, but a particularly huge one, based on interesting new science, with plenty of value. (PainSci Members can also read this in a recent blog post, “Extra, extra! Extra floating ribs are way more common than anyone knew.”)
L	Aug '23	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — Rewritten, psychologically triggered neuroinflammation — Significant revision of all neuroinflammation content.
L	Aug '23	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — Rewritten, neuroinflammation dysfunction — Significant revision of all neuroinslammation content.
L	Aug '23	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — Rewritten, neuroinflammation with subtle triggers — Significant revision of all neuroinflammation content.
L	Aug '23	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — Rewritten, sickness behaviour — Significant revision of all neuroinflammation content.
L	Aug '23	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — Rewritten, neuroinflammation intro — Significant revision of all neuroinflammation content.
S	Aug '23	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Science update, strengthening — Added an important footnote with a bunch of detail about exactly what kind of strength training was tested by Hansen et al.
L	Aug '23	Quite a Stretch — New section, stretching for hypertrophy.
M	Aug '23	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — Added small new section about foreign objects, inspired by a good new example (a bullet embedded in someone's hand for decades before it started to hurt).
L	Aug '23	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Science update, new strengthening evidence — After almost a decade without a meaningful update, new evidence from Hansen et al has forced a rewrite of this chapter!
L	Aug '23	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New chapter.
S	Aug '23	Quackery Red Flags — Added new section: “Are we intuitive about our health? Hell no! On animals and the limits of self-care.”
L	Jul '23	Vulnerability to Chronic Pain — Added new section, “Drink less alcohol.”
L	Jun '23	Water Fever and the Fear of Chronic Dehydration — New section: “The fountain of youth is probably not your kitchen faucet.”
L	Jun '23	Vulnerability to Chronic Pain — Added new section, “Don’t worry about … lots of other things.” More about wellness “optimization.”
L	Jun '23	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — New content, sarcomere chapter — Added an interesting sidebar about how we can actually lose sarcomeres. And I finally added two very complex new diagrams of muscle structure and sarcomere function — a project I avoided for years, because it was really hard! But also very important for this subject matter.
L	Jun '23	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — Two new main sections about pollutants and food additives, radiculopathy (especially multiple-level radiculopathy), plus a new appendix about how “Pain demands an explanation.” Miscellaneous revision and editing.
L	Jun '23	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — New section.
M	Jun '23	The Double-Edged Sword of Imaging to Diagnose Pain — Added two new short sections: “Patients are part of the medical incompetence equation,” and “When should you imaging be considered?”
S	Jun '23	Speculation-Based Medicine — Added several examples of treatments that were popular long before they were proven to be ineffective.
M	Jun '23	Medical Errors in Perspective — Editing and several new links and footnotes to shore up the thesis and put it in context.
L	Jun '23	Ten Trillion Cells Walked Into a Bar — Added two short new sections about muscular hydrostats, bipedality, and variations in spinal posture — some riffs on the theme of “standing up” that seemed like a long overdue way of making this weird article more relevant to the rest of the website (which is always was, but it’s quite a bit clearer now). I also did some general editing … and was a little freaked out by how much useful work there was to do on this ancient page.
M	Jun '23	Spinal Fracture Bracing and Fixation — Revised the introduction and put the topic more in context, relating to it to other topics on the site. Eventually this is going to become part of a larger article about the “medical impulse to stop or limit movement”: bracing in general.
S	Jun '23	We Are Full of Critters — This article does not need many updates, but today I added a short section: “Why an article about cells on a pain website?” Because it is a bit odd.
M	Jun '23	How Many Muscles Are In the Human Body? — Small new section, “There’s even more? Sarcomeres are basically ‘micro muscles’ … and there are many trillions of those.”
M	Jun '23	Vulnerability to Chronic Pain — Added a short new section, “The basics versus wellness ‘optimization’: a cautionary tale.”
S	Jun '23	Confirmation Bias — Added a small new section about confirmation bias as a driver of both cherry-picking and nitpicking of studies.
L	Jun '23	Does Posture Matter? — Added content — Added much more information about stability cushions, mostly imported from a minor old article and improved.
M	Jun '23	Does Posture Matter? — Science update — Added two citations: one about the reliability of lumbar curvature assessment; and a thoroughly annotated one to the paper that sparked the “cells phone usage causes horns” idea (Shahar). There’s basically a whole blog post in that footnote!
L	Jun '23	Does Posture Matter? — Rewriting and editing — Many small and medium improvements. I mostly worked on recommendations for changing posture. I also threw out the article's summary and started over, and the new one is 10x better. (A new summary doesn't sound like much, but crafting really good summaries in incredibly challenging. And ChatGPT really just cannot do it like I can do it. 😉)
M	Jun '23	The Trouble with Chairs — Editing. Top-to-bottom content tidying and tuning. It’s uncomfortably rare for me to just throughly re-read one of my own articles. It took two full hours just to go through it carefully fixing minor issues along the way and taking notes on more substantive updates I’d like to do.
S	Jun '23	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update, posture — Cited Schmidt on lordosis assessment reliability (there is none).
S	Jun '23	Reassurance for Massage Therapists — Filled out the extro a little. Just a bit more detail and context.
L	May '23	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — New section.
M	May '23	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Edited, directional preference chapter — Numerous minor corrections and improvements. Added ‘focalization’ as a clearer alternative to ‘centralization.’ Added two images. There's also now a blog post version of this chapter for PainSci members, and an audio version of the chapter embedded here.
M	May '23	Vitamin D for Pain — Added a tiny new section about vitamin D as a possible therapy for statin-associated muscle soreness. Also removed the position statement on vitamin D and COVID. It was more interesting in 2020, but since then the relationship between vitamin D and COVID has become a big nothing burger, and it’s beyond the scope of this article in any case.
S	May '23	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Small additions — Post-publication editing and polishing, most notably a couple more citations about MDT efficacy, and an interesting point about the implications of centralization’s origin story.
S	May '23	Reviews of Pain Professions — Added several images. Obviously just a minor update, but in this context some visual cues are quite helpful. A few minor edits while I was here.
M	May '23	Does Posture Matter? — Improvements, posture article conclusion — This was just a reiteration of a few keys points for a long time. Now it’s more colourful rant and battle cry — death to posturology!
L	May '23	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New chapter, McKenzie Method® of Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy® (MDT)
L	May '23	Mind Over Pain — New section, resilience rant — Added a section about the overuse and abuse of the idea of “resilience,” from a 2021 members-only post now made public.
M	May '23	Mind Over Pain — Science update, confidence cure section — Cited and critically analyzed that big new study of cognitive functional therapy (Kent) — more on this to come, but the process of citing it widely on PainSci has begun.
S	May '23	Mind Over Pain — Many minor adjustments, overview of all mind-over-pain ideas — I remember crafting this summary extremely carefully back in 2021. But it’s amazing how steadily my ideas evolve — especially on this topic in the last two years — and I saw a need for a whole bunch of edits. The idea that you could create something like this and leave it alone is kind of laughable.
L	May '23	What’s New on PainScience.com? — An update to the updates page?! It’s so meta! It’s not going to happen often, but I just finished improving the whole update-logging system in several ways. Most of the upgrades are "under the hood," but there is now much better filtering for the update list, and the foundations have been laid for more improvements in the future.
M	May '23	Neurodynamic Stretching — Added a lovely anecdote about a dramatic success with neurodynamic stretching.
S	May '23	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Improvements, knee pain diagnosis — Added information about pain referral from the hip joint, plus some other minor clarifications.
L	May '23	Vulnerability to Chronic Pain — Added new section, “Health and luck: the non-modifiable risk factors.”
L	May '23	Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Chronic Pain — Added a substantial new section, “What about conventional treatment with a psychological spin?” And it will get more substantive, because there’s more to do on that topic. I also cited Johnsen on CBT for depression, added a note about the tendency of all psychological therapies to get gaslighty, and some clarifications and a link in defense of acceptance and commitment therapy.
M	May '23	Placebo Power Hype — Added a new conclusion: “Placebo enthusiasm cannot be curbed.”
L	May '23	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New chapter, centralization and directional preference.
L	Apr '23	Chronic Low Back Pain Is Not So Chronic — Rewrite and major upgrade. The previous reassurance-is-good-for-back-pain slant has been replaced with a much more nuanced perspective on the relationship between back pain and psychological factors. And there are useful new sections on risk factors.
L	Apr '23	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Rewritten and expanded, back pain prognosis chapter — This chapter was completely overhauled and greatly increased in size. Although still primarily based on a 2009 study, it’s now a much more general chapter about back pain prognosis and chronicity. There’s more and recent detailed follow-up evidence. There are some new graphs and imagery. There’s much more useful information about risk factors. And the previous reassurance-is-good-for-back-pain slant has been replaced with a much more nuanced perspective on the relationship between back pain and psychological factors.
S	Apr '23	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — Cited a case study about mistaking Parkinsonian dystonia for a knee injury.
S	Apr '23	Diagnosing Runner’s Knee — Cited a case study about mistaking Parkinsonian dystonia for a knee injury.
S	Apr '23	Cramps, Spasms, Tremors & Twitches — Cited a case study about mistaking Parkinsonian dystonia for a knee injury.
S	Apr '23	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Science update, knee pain diagnosis — Cited a case study about mistaking Parkinsonian dystonia for a knee injury.
S	Apr '23	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Science update, knee pain diagnosis — Cited a case study about mistaking Parkinsonian dystonia for a knee injury.
S	Apr '23	How Many Muscles Are In the Human Body? — Corrected a minor error: capillaries are not muscular. Hat tip to reader M.C. for reminding me of that.
L	Apr '23	Why SaveYourself.ca Became PainScience.com — A rare update to this mostly archived page about PainScience.com itself, which I thought I’d never touch again: “2023 update: ‘PainScience’ turns out to have problems too!”
S	Apr '23	Ozone Therapy for Pain — Minor revisions and updates. Added a couple of citations.
L	Apr '23	Chronic Low Back Pain Is Not So Chronic — Added a new section with more recent and detailed follow-up evidence, a new table, and two diagrams. Edited the whole thing.
M	Mar '23	The Medical Blind Spot for Aches, Pains & Injuries — Added a section: “Patients are part of the medical incompetence equation.”
M	Mar '23	The Art of Bioenergetic Breathing — Added information about the physiology of breathing and a major new citation about the real potential for anti-inflammatory benefits of hyperventilatory breathing.
S	Mar '23	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — Added content — Added fast breathing exercises (hyperventilation) to the list of treatment options worth considering.
M	Mar '23	Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Chronic Pain — Added short new section about anti-depressants as a chronic pain treatment.
L	Mar '23	Mobilize! — Complete descriptions of all mobilization exercises are now integrated into this page. The table of contents also got an upgrade.
S	Mar '23	Massage Therapy for Low Back Pain (So Low That It’s Not In the Back) — Minor editorial upgrades and polish.
L	Mar '23	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — New section.
L	Feb '23	Zapped! Does TENS work for pain? — New section about TENS for menstrual pain.
L	Feb '23	Icing for Injuries, Tendinitis, and Inflammation — New section: “Kooky new pain treatment: smart ice implants.”
S	Feb '23	The Tyranny of Yoga and Meditation — Science updated. Cited one important new paper on meditation harms, Kuyken 2022.
S	Feb '23	Massage Therapy for Tension Headaches — Science updated. Added a citation about the relationship between trigger points and headaches, and updated related footnotes a bit.
M	Feb '23	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Revised, specific diagnosis — After several years without much attention, this chapter has finally gotten a variety of improvements.
M	Jan '23	Cramps, Spasms, Tremors & Twitches — Upgrades to the relatively new Botox section, including a few more citations, especially about harms and safety.
M	Jan '23	Does Pandiculation “Reset” Muscle Tone? — Added information about the link between pandiculation, sex, and — another fun new word — “chasmology.” Added a new emphasis that pandiculation isn’t just about stretching, and added a fun cat video, and some reader reports.
S	Jan '23	Quite a Stretch — Science update, injury prevention — Identified some non-trivial flaws in a trial that dared to challenge my bias. 😜
L	Jan '23	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — New chapter, green light therapy.
S	Jan '23	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Reorganization, differential diagnosis — Just a bit of housekeeping: rearranged the content and edited for clarity. Probably not enough, but it’s a start.
M	Jan '23	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Rewritten — Expanded the scope of the section to include dry needling generally, and not just Sconfienza's peculiar version of it. Added some citations. Confirmed that the “Sconfienza protocol” trial remains unpublished (fifteen years later).
L	Jan '23	Quite a Stretch — New section, effect on arterial stiffness.
S	Jan '23	Quite a Stretch — Added a pop quiz — Fun, right?
S	Jan '23	The 3 Basic Types of Pain — Added a footnote about whether it’s okay to call nociceptors “pain fibres.”
S	Jan '23	Does Pandiculation “Reset” Muscle Tone? — Minor additions and corrections that arose in the aftermath of publication.
S	Jan '23	Strength Training for Pain & Injury Rehab — Added a fun sidebar “Train like Gandalf.”
M	Jan '23	The Insomnia Guide for Chronic Pain Patients — Science update. Short new section about the use of anti-depressants for insomnia.
M	Jan '23	Quite a Stretch — Science update, injury prevention — Updated and added some citations, including one that challenges my bias (for the first time).
L	Jan '23	Quite a Stretch — New section, pandiculation.
S	Jan '23	The Tyranny of Yoga and Meditation — Minor improvements related to integration with the new yoga chapter in my back pain book.
M	Jan '23	What Works for Chronic Pain? — Science update. Beefed up the exercise section with four fresh good-news studies.
M	Jan '23	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Refinements, orthotics chapter — Several minor improvements and additions, mostly about foot straps, taping, and heel lifts (as opposed to support), adding up to a solid chapter upgrade.
M	Dec '22	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Upgraded, movement snacks and general exercise — Added more about the role of general exercise in treating back pain.
M	Dec '22	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Upgraded, heat/ice chapter — Revised and expanded to include a discussion of Hydrocollators.
M	Dec '22	Pain is Weird — New section, The rhythm of throbbing pain.
L	Nov '22	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Rewritten, scoliosis treatment chapter — Completely rebooted, all new everything about scoliosis treatment.
L	Nov '22	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Rewritten, scoliosis etiology chapter — Some of the original chapter remains, but mostly I just started over.
S	Nov '22	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Minor revision, ‘specific’ back pain chapter — Polished and tweaked. Nothing fancy, just good old fashioned editing.
S	Oct '22	When to Worry About Low Back Pain — Added an important citation to O’Sullivan about back pain myths to the introduction.
S	Oct '22	Zapped! Does TENS work for pain? — Science update for transcranial stim: cited Bilir et al regarding fibromyalgia, and O’Connell regarding back pain.
M	Oct '22	Many Pages — At last, footnotes and other “popups” can be dismissed with the ESC key or by clicking outside the popup. This is one of the most overdue “quality of life” feature updates for the salamander’s domain in years. It’s such a small thing! But not actually all that small, considering how many footnotes there are. It is no longer necessary to move the mouse to the popup closure button! Hooray!
M	Oct '22	Placebo Power Hype — Added a small section, “Honest placebo: now longer lasting?”
L	Oct '22	The Tyranny of Yoga and Meditation — Major revisions and improvements. Over the years, this article had gotten to be a bit muddled and meandering, and it lacked citations for some key points about efficacy/safety. Unacceptable! Some formatting glitches had even crept into it. I had a bunch of fresh yoga science in my head after writing a new yoga chapter for my back pain book — a perfect time to reboot this page.
L	Oct '22	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Major revision, yoga-not-for-everyone chapter — Major revisions and improvements. Over the years, this chapter got a bit muddled and obsolete, just an old rant I hadn't properly updated in over a decade. I had a bunch of fresh yoga science in my head after writing the new yoga chapter, and so this was a perfect time to reboot the chapter.
M	Oct '22	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Additions, yoga — Restored some selected passages lost in the rewrite (and it’s now one of the longest chapters in the book, maybe the very longest, and longer than most standalone articles on the topic). Turning into a book within a book!
S	Oct '22	Pain is Weird — Science update — Added a sidebar about the failure of phantom limb pain as a major example of pain without injury, citing Ilfeld.
L	Oct '22	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Rewritten, yoga — A complete reboot of my coverage of the topic of yoga for back pain, with much more (and more recent) science.
S	Oct '22	Does Posture Matter? — Science update — Added a citation to Having ‘good’ posture doesn’t prevent back pain, and ‘bad’ posture doesn’t cause it.
S	Sep '22	Pain is Weird — Editing — And still more minor improvements and clarifications in several sections.
M	Sep '22	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update — Added a much more detailed explanation of how the sensitivity of muscle has been demonstrated experimentally, based on Graven-Nielsen et al.
L	Sep '22	Vibration Therapies, from Massage Guns to Jacuzzis — Added new section, “That bizarre 2021 study of ‘robotic mouse massage.’”
M	Sep '22	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — New section.
L	Sep '22	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — Added a new section about cancer in general as a cause of some kinds of seemingly simple musculoskeletal pain.
M	Aug '22	Chronic Pain and Inequality — New section: “Disastrously dismissing women’s symptoms.” Plus a science update: Madden on how injured women are more likely to be assaulted by a boyfriend or husband.
M	Aug '22	A Deep Dive into Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness — A minor (but particularly interesting) science update: Roman et al on muscle nuclei migrating to sites of microtrauma for repairwork.
L	Aug '22	Pain is Weird — Revision — Many changes to acknowledge uncertainties and controversies about the hypothesis that pain can be out of proportion to sensation, or that it can exist without any tissue damage at all. Some new citations.
S	Aug '22	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Addition, hall of treatment shame — Added “toe spreaders” to the hall of shame.
M	Aug '22	Should You Get A Lube Job for Your Arthritic Knee? — Science update. A huge new review from the British Medical Journal is very “nail in the coffin” for viscosupplementation.
M	Aug '22	Does Ultrasound or Shockwave Therapy Work? — Added a sidebar: “Self-serve shockwave therapy? Buyer beware”
L	Aug '22	14 Kinds of Bogus Citations — Added two sections: “Mechanism masturbation” and “Dozens of studies can still be wrong.”
L	Aug '22	Many Pages — Improved login UX for PainSci members, enabling “quick login” at paywalls for members-only content around the site, revealing the content in a single step rather than the several steps the old way required. More information and examples.
S	Aug '22	Does Posture Matter? — Science update, muscle balance — Cited Guan as a particularly good example of how limited the science of muscle balance is.
L	Aug '22	The Role of Eccentric Contractions in Rehab — New section: “Is running downhill healthier than running up, because of braking contractions?”
L	Aug '22	Does Massage Therapy Work? — New section, foam rolling — Well, this is rather overdue.
L	Aug '22	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New chapter, Pain Reprocessing Therapy — A major addition to the book, months in the making, 1000 words about the most sensational back pain science claim of 2022: that PRT works dramatically better than anything else.
L	Aug '22	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New chapter, CBT for back pain — A major addition to the book, months in the making, 1500 words and a dozen new citations, all about “the elephant in the mind-game room.”
L	Aug '22	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New chapter, overview of the psychology of back pain — An announcement and summary of key ideas on the theme of the psychology of back pain coming to the book throughout the middle of 2022.
S	Aug '22	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — Science update. Added rheumatic symptoms from Long COVID to post-viral syndrome section.
M	Aug '22	Vulnerability to Chronic Pain — Added useful new tip: “How vulnerable are you? Take the stork test of doom!” Based on Araujo.
M	Aug '22	Trigger Points on Trial — Added a sidebar: “Please! Stop saying trigger points ‘don’t exist’.”
S	Aug '22	Reassurance for Massage Therapists — Science update. Added a citation about tolerance of medical uncertainty (Begin).
L	Aug '22	Cramps, Spasms, Tremors & Twitches — Substantial upgrades to the section “The hiccup hack” section.
S	Aug '22	The Trouble with Chairs — Science update. Added a citation to Santos about weekend warriorism.
S	Jul '22	Marijuana for Pain — Added a citation to Gazendam. Clarified a couple minor points. Emphasized that cannabis is safe and plausible enough to be worth trying for many patients.
M	Jul '22	Homeopathy Schmomeopathy — Science update, cited Gartlehner.
S	Jul '22	Pain is Weird — Editing — Many minor improvements and clarifications in several sections.
L	Jul '22	Cramps, Spasms, Tremors & Twitches — Revised and expanded the introduction and summary; added menstrual cramps to the master list of familiar spasms; added a new small section, “The hiccup hack: forced inspiratory suction and swallow.”
L	Jul '22	Many Pages — Article summaries have been restored after a long absence and some overdue rejiggering of how they are displayed. Most of the longer articles on PainScience.com once again have an “abstract.”
S	Jul '22	Electromagnetic Sensitivity Absurdity — Added more information about non-ionizing radiation and the epidemiology data on wireless gadgets and cancers.
L	Jul '22	Pain is Weird — New section, pain asymbolia.
L	Jun '22	You Might Just Be Weird — Added a couple good citations about vertebrae and pelvic bone shapes, with some good images, and a new section: “Feeling for crookedness of the vertebra and pelvis.”
L	Jun '22	Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements for Pain & Healing — Added a section about probiotics and the microbiome. Can gel caps full of “good bacteria” treat pain outside the gut?
S	Jun '22	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Addition, differential diagnosis section — Added a discussion of a possible link between plantar fasciitis and hallux limitus.
S	Jun '22	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — More information, imaging section — Added an additional reason for imaging: some “strains” turn out to be stress fractures.
S	Jun '22	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Minor addition — Added a little information for cyclists about the effect of pedal crank length on knee loading.
L	Jun '22	Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements for Pain & Healing — Added a section about Coenzyme Q10 and statin-associated myalgia (SAM).
M	Jun '22	Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Chronic Pain — Added a short section about Ashar et al: “That 2022 Pain Reprocessing Therapy study is way too good to be true.”
S	Jun '22	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Small improvement — Added some useful reader perspective on their experiences asking surgeons for assistance.
M	Jun '22	Strength Training for Pain & Injury Rehab — Science update and a small new section, “Lift faster, function better,” based on Balachandran et al.
M	Jun '22	Icing for Injuries, Tendinitis, and Inflammation — Added a bunch of important detail to the RSI section about acute versus chronic inflammation.
S	Jun '22	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Science update, secondary headaches — Added headache as a side effect of Duloxetine.
M	Jun '22	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Minor addition, movement therapy — Added a small sub-section to recommend the “pendulum” exercise. Simple but nice.
L	Jun '22	Microbreaking — General upgrade with lots of revision and modernization. Added more information about strength training and other kinds of micro-exercise. Introduced a focus on the social aspects of micro-exercise at work. Several new citations, and there’s a blog post with much more detail about the most important one (Andersen): “Itty bitty workouts prevent some workplace injuries.”
S	May '22	Your Back Is Not Out of Alignment — Science update, alternatives to structuralism — Inspired by Cormack, I finally cited Engel (as I should have long ago).
M	May '22	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — New chapter, muscle strain.
L	May '22	What Works for Chronic Pain? — Added section: “Icing and heating work (not dramatically, but accessibly and comfortingly in many painful situations).”
S	May '22	Placebo Power Hype — Added some classic citations, most notably to Beecher and Hróbjartsson.
S	May '22	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Science update, muscle balance chapter — Cited Guan, a good review of all inter-limb asymmetry evidence.
M	May '22	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — Added a section about adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 (AMPD1) deficiency.
M	May '22	Cramps, Spasms, Tremors & Twitches — New section about using Botox to treat unwanted contractions.
S	May '22	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Science update — Added a minor but neat point about how much joint fluid volume is lost in frozen shoulder.
L	May '22	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Major upgrade, differential diagnosis chapter — Added more detail and several more uncommon diagnoses to consider.
S	May '22	Strength Training for Pain & Injury Rehab — Added a little information about supplementation and especially vitamin D.
M	May '22	Stuck in My Throat — Added an update and some thoughts on what I’d do differently if I had to wrestle with globus again.
M	May '22	Vitamin D for Pain — Science update, citing Bolland and Bislev on the (undetectable) value of vitamin D supplementation for healthy patients.
M	Apr '22	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — Correction, stress and neuroinflammation — Removed some excessively speculative claims that serious neuroinflammation might be driven by perceived threats (stress), as opposed to actual ones (serious injury and illness).
L	Apr '22	Pain is Weird — New section
L	Apr '22	Chronic Pain as a Conditioned Behaviour — New section about amnesia as analgesia.
M	Apr '22	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Improvements, hamstring stretching chapter — Just a bunch of miscellaneous clarifications and minor elaborations.
M	Apr '22	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New introduction, alignment chapter — Added a new introduction that makes this chapter officially the main posture chapter in the book. It now explains how poor posture supposedly causes back pain, which was previously missing, and is important context for other chapters (like hamstring stretching).
S	Mar '22	The Science of Pain-Killers — Added brief summary of Arcoxia (etoricoxib).
S	Mar '22	Zapped! Does TENS work for pain? — Added some context about simple, “static” magnet therapy to the pulsed electromagnetic field therapy section.
S	Mar '22	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — Minor science update: added an interesting citation about the infectious roots of multiple sclerosis (Bjornevik).
S	Mar '22	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — Science update — Added an interesting citation about the infectious roots of multiple sclerosis (Bjornevik).
S	Mar '22	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Science update — Added an interesting citation about the infectious roots of multiple sclerosis (Bjornevik).
S	Mar '22	Pain is Weird — Science update, corrected an old citation — Replaced a citation to Beecher (on pain in wounded soldiers) with the correct original citation and a better summary. See Beecher.
S	Mar '22	The Science of Pain-Killers — Minor science update, added a citation to Aidar about the effect of ibuprofen on recovery from intense exercise.
S	Mar '22	Don’t Worry About Lifting Technique — Added an important clarification and citation about Nachemson’s famous flexion loading chart.
S	Mar '22	A Deep Dive into Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness — Minor science update, added a citation to Aidar et al about the effect of ibuprofen on strength and fatigue.
S	Mar '22	Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response — Editing and a few minor clarifications and additions.
L	Mar '22	Don’t Worry About Lifting Technique — Added discussion of Nachemson’s 1981 flexion loading chart, plus a small but important section about osteoporosis: “Your back isn’t fragile … unless it literally is.”
S	Mar '22	Icing for Injuries, Tendinitis, and Inflammation — Added a small but useful cautionary tale about the consequences of accidentally icing excessively — by falling asleep with an ice pack on!
S	Mar '22	What Works for Chronic Pain? — New sidebar: “The price of honesty and humility.”
L	Mar '22	Ten Trillion Cells Walked Into a Bar — A little bit of editing, some new colour about microbiology, and a new citation about the role of biotensegrity in cells and molecules.
M	Mar '22	Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements for Pain & Healing — Added a section, “‘Big Suppla’ is now evidence-based debunking.”
M	Mar '22	Modality Empires — New section: “The price of honesty and humility.”
L	Mar '22	We Are Full of Critters — Added a section, “Microscopes versus telescopes.”
S	Mar '22	Does Massage Therapy Work? — Minor addition — Added “nostril yanking therapy” as an example of pseudoscience in massage.
S	Mar '22	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Minor addition — Added “lack of personal experience” to the list of reasons professionals fail with back pain treatment.
S	Mar '22	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Trivial update — A trivial update, but fun, using ice cream headaches as an interesting example of referred pain that is directly relevant to headache.
S	Mar '22	Use the Force! The myth of healing energy in massage and bodywork — Expanded a little on the concept of a “deepity” and how it applies to matter/energy equivalence in energy medicine.
S	Mar '22	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Minor update — Added neuropathy as a risk factor for strain.
M	Mar '22	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Added sub-topic — Discussed the potential value of neural mobilization in strain rehab.
M	Feb '22	Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements for Pain & Healing — Added important disclaimer about adulteration and contamination, regarding concerns about the accuracy of a key paper on that topic.
L	Feb '22	Neurodynamic Stretching — New section: “A humbler goal: maybe it’s just nerve exercise?”
S	Feb '22	What Works for Chronic Pain? — Added some comic relief: the dead-or-pretending meme, the you-keep-using-that-word meme, plus a sidebar, “What people think I do for a living….” (which is fun, but also goes a little deeper).
S	Feb '22	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — Minor addition — Added tibiofibular pain to the list of possible causes of shin pain.
M	Feb '22	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Minor improvement — Added significantly more information about proximal tibiofibular joint injury. Not many readers need it, but it will be helpful for those who do.
M	Feb '22	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — More information, orthotics — Technically this is a new section, but I’ve created it just by transplanting and elaborating on the brief dismissal of orthotics that was in the “hall of shame” section for years. It is more substantive, but it says essentially the same thing.
L	Feb '22	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — Minor upgrade, pronation — Just a couple elaborations and refinements, based on new risk factor evidence.
L	Feb '22	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — New chapter, peak breaking force — This is a chapter that is entirely about a single citation, one interesting experiment: Napier et al.
L	Feb '22	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — Major upgrade, risk factors — This is a huge upgrade to this section, which is now both more interesting and consequential than I expected when I started it. I’ve added significantly more detailed and referenced information about risk factors.
L	Feb '22	What Works for Chronic Pain? — New section: “Actually using best practices in musculoskeletal medicine,” plus a bunch of editing throughout the article. Almost ready for prime time!
M	Feb '22	14 Kinds of Bogus Citations — No change in substance, but a bunch of editing and improvements to formatting and presentation.
S	Jan '22	Does Posture Matter? — Updated, ergonomics section — Added a minor rant about the amount of nonsense in ergonomics.
M	Jan '22	Does Arnica Gel Work for Pain? — Science update, the first on this topic in ages, thanks to a shiny new review — which is, unfortunately, a classic example of garbage-in-garbage-out junk science (see Gaertner).
L	Jan '22	Counterstimulation, Counterirritation, and Gate Control — New section: “Counterstimulation as the obscure seed of truth powering a lot of quackery.”
L	Jan '22	Does Acupuncture Work for Pain? — Added new section, “Is acupuncture FDA approved?”
S	2022	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Added footnote, “woke up with it” neck pain — Explained and justifed my opinion that morning onset cricks may often be related to the combination of chilling neck skin at night.
M	2022	Ozone Therapy for Pain — Improved the back pain section significantly. My first version was a little too ranty and dismissive. It is now more thoughtful and thorough and looks a little closer at the rationale. Still ranty! But the ranting is now a sauce instead of the main dish. Also, I paywalled the back pain section — the first example of a small members-only section, just one key piece of an article reserved for members, and also available in a book.
L	2022	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New chapter, ozone therapy.
L	2022	Ozone Therapy for Pain — Added a section about injected ozone for back pain. Also made a number of minor editorial corrections, added a couple images, and brief mentions of veterinary uses of ozone, and vaginal insufflation of ozone. The article is now “ready for prime time.”
M	2022	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Added sub-topic, ozone therapy — Added a discussion of ozone therapy, which just barely qualifies as a “regenerative” therapy, and my only advice is to avoid it, so it’s a minor addition here — but an interesting one.
L	2021	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — New section, ozone therapy.
S	2021	Popular but Weird & Dangerous Cures — Added ozone therapy to the list, with fascinating photos of a bizarre vintage ozone therapy device. Updated information on Miracle Mineral Solution (because the perperatrators were indicted this year).
M	2021	Neuropathies Are Overdiagnosed — Correction. I excessively demonized gabepentin and pregabalin based on an oversimplification of their legal history and inadequate attention to the evidence on efficacy for neuropathy. In fact, these drugs are efficacious for some neuropathies.
M	2021	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Correction, neuropathy chapter — I excessively demonized gabepentin and pregabalin based on an oversimplification of their legal history and inadequate attention to the evidence on efficacy for neuropathy. In fact, these drugs are efficacious for some neuropathies.
M	2021	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Correction, anticonvulsants chapter — I excessively demonized gabepentin and pregabalin based on an oversimplification of their legal history and inadequate attention to the evidence on efficacy for neuropathy. In fact, these drugs are efficacious for some neuropathies. While those were genuine errors in need of correction, the key message was accurate: they aren’t useful for back pain, and corruption is the only reason they were ever given to patients for that purpose.
M	2021	Does Epsom Salt Work? — Upgrade, hypomagnesemia — Much more and clearer information about hypomagnesemia and it’s possible role in pain.
M	2021	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Upgraded, water and electrolytes chapter — Added much more information about magnesium: cramping, supplementation, and dietary sources. Also beefed up the warning about excessive hydration and its effect on electrolytes (hyponatremia).
S	2021	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — More information, epsom salts — Added information about the role of magnesium.
M	2021	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Upgraded, spasm chapter — More and clearer information. A new citation to some basic spasm science.
M	2021	Water Fever and the Fear of Chronic Dehydration — Added extra information and citations about cramping and magnesium.
M	2021	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — Minor science update: added a couple citations about magnesium.
S	2021	Does Epsom Salt Work? — Science update — Added citations and extra information about cramping and magnesium.
M	2021	Cramps, Spasms, Tremors & Twitches — Added more information and science about exertional cramping and the role of magnesium in cramping.
M	2021	Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements for Pain & Healing — Substantive science update on the efficacy of treating pain with magnesium.
L	2021	Does Epsom Salt Work? — Major upgrade, magnesium as a pain killer — Added much more detail (and science) about the efficacy of treating chronic pain with magnesium supplementation. Merged with previous information on managing post-surgical pain.
L	2021	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Major upgrade, magnesium deficiency — Dramatically improved quantity and quality of information about magnesium deficiency and using it as a treatment for pain or cramping.
M	2021	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Upgrade, vitamin C deficiency — More and better information, especially a science-based revised of vitamin C dosing advice.
L	2021	Heat for Pain and Rehab — Major upgrade to information on capsaicin and “spice therapy.” A huge new members-only area has been added with extremely detailed information on this fascinating sub-topic, almost doubling the length of the article, and longer itself than most independent articles. But even the freely available summary is substantially upgraded, much more detailed and accurate.
S	2021	Many Pages — It’s a small thing, but a nice thing: PainSci members (premium newsletter subscribers) will no longer see “subscribe now!” blurbs (when logged in).
L	2021	Many Pages — For the first time in the history of the business, some articles are now behind a paywall, accessible only to members — just a handful for now, eventually about 15% of the content.
L	2021	The Insomnia Guide for Chronic Pain Patients — Completely rebooted all content about light, blue light, screens, and gadgets features like Night Shift and Night Light. New science, all new commentary.
M	2021	Voltaren Gel: Does It Work? — Meaningful science update, kind of the opposite of a “nail in the coffin” — topical diclofenac has now been clearly established by extensive testing as effective and safe. This is about as close to “proven” as we get in this business.
S	2021	The Science of Pain-Killers — Minor science update, new citation for the safety and efficacy of topical diclofenac.
L	2021	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New chapter — A substantive new chapter about the possible role of the mind and muscle guarding in frozen shoulder.
S	2021	The Role of “Spasm” in Frozen Shoulder — Minor clarifications to the submersion tip.
M	2021	How to Treat Sciatic Nerve Pain — Small but valuable safety update: better red flag information based on Angus et al.
L	2021	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Major upgrade — Substantial clarifications and new information about ominous neuropathy symptoms, based primarily on Hoeritzauer and Angus, and initially inspired by Tom Jesson’s writing about the prevalence of cauda equina syndrome.
S	2021	When to Worry About Low Back Pain — Minor science update, added information and data about the rarity of cauda equina syndrome.
L	2021	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New chapter, back pain as a disease of civilization.
L	2021	A Deep Dive into Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness — Added a major new section about active recovery.
M	2021	Pain is Weird — New section — At last! This article has long needed a definition and explanation of nociception. It finally has one.
M	2021	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Science update, dry needling chapter — Almost an echo of last year’s science update on this topic: a second study of needling for neck pain, also quite good, and also quite negative.
M	2021	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Science update, dry needling chapter — Almost an echo of last year’s science update on this topic: a second study of needling for neck pain, also quite good, and also quite negative.
L	2021	When to Worry About Neck Pain … and when not to! — New red flag. Added “facial numbness,” based on Ugradar et al.
S	2021	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — New red flag — Added “facial numbness,” based on Ugradar et al.
S	2021	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — New red flag — Added “facial numbness,” based on Ugradar et al.
S	2021	Pain is Weird — Editing — Some cleanup and clarification.
S	2021	Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements for Pain & Healing — Added warning about the slaughter of sharks required for collagen production.
L	2021	Proprioception, the True Sixth Sense — This may be the first update this article has ever gotten, since I first wrote it in the mid-2000s. For its age, it wasn’t in terrible shape! But I corrected some overconfident speculations, got a little more specific with some of the science, added a number of interesting details, especially a lot more information about Piezo1 and Piezo2 receptors… science that won a Nobel prize in 2021, but was done back when this was first written! The article doubled in size.
S	2021	Opioids for Chronic Aches & Pains — Clarified the distinction between standard opioid receptor downregulation versus the stranger phenomenon of opioid hyperalgesia.
M	2021	A Deep Dive into Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness — Important corrections and clarifications, acknowledging ongoing debate about the relationship between lactate, lactic acid, and acidosis. Importantly, however, this is only relevant to the biology of fatigue, not soreness.
M	2021	Reviews of Pain Professions — Added orthopedics.
S	2021	Strength Training Frequency — Science update. Added a citation to Sheng et al about the excellent fitness bang-for-buck delivered by walking, building on the point that there’s a theme of efficiency throughout exercise science.
S	2021	Vulnerability to Chronic Pain — Science update. Added a citation to Sheng et al about the excellent fitness bang-for-buck delivered by walking.
S	2021	Does Massage Increase Circulation? — Science update. Added a citation to Sheng et al about the excellent fitness bang-for-buck delivered by walking.
M	2021	A Deep Dive into Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness — Substantial upgrade to the debunking of the lactic acid myth, from a sidebar with a couple key points to a new section of the article.
S	2021	The Trouble with Chairs — Science update. Added a citation to Sheng et al about the excellent fitness bang-for-buck delivered by walking.
S	2021	The Art of Rest — Science update. Added a citation to Sheng et al about the excellent fitness bang-for-buck delivered by walking.
M	2021	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Science update, cervicogenic headache — Updated the chapter with a citation to an important new study showing that there are no obvious neck abnormalities in headache patients.
M	2021	Massage Therapy for Bruxism, Jaw Clenching, and TMJ Syndrome — Added a short section about the (bogus) relationship between jaw pain and a tight lingual frenulum.
S	2021	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — New silly treatment, frenuloplasty — Added frenuloplasty to the hall of treatment shame.
M	2021	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Correction — I misinterpreted a study of the relationship between range of motion and recovery time. While the general principle was sound — greater ROM loss correlates strongly with recovery time) — my more specific “rule of thumb” based on it was a bit wonky. So I fixed that.
L	2021	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — New chapter, tongue-ties as a cause of headache — Adapted from the recent blog post, with some substantive extra speculation about the plausibility of a tight frenulum causing headaches.
L	2021	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Modernized — Dramatically improved the tone of the introduction to the “medical” section of the book with a healthy dose of skepticism. I’ve added what I hope is a persuasive warning about how easy and dangerous it is to start blaming things we don’t really understand.
M	2021	Pain is Weird — Update — New short section about the modern alternative to the “naive view” of pain, so basically a definition and explanation of the “neuromatrix.”
S	2021	Does Posture Matter? — Science update — Cited Richards, a study with a delightfully counter-intuitive result, and extremely helpful to the thesis of this article.
M	2021	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Polishing — Long overdue proofreading of the entire book, correcting several dozen typos that have snuck into it over the years. This is by far the longest of my books, and so it had by far the most typos, and no doubt there are still a few — but it’s greatly improved. Also for this project, I updated all references made to my work as a massage therapist, a great many of which still read like I have appointments schedule next week, when in fact I haven’t seen massage therapy client in over a decade now.
M	2021	The Science of Pain-Killers — Science and safety update about acetaminophen safety during pregnancy. See Bauer.
S	2021	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Added anecdote — Added a solid anecdote from a physician reader about “appendicitis” cases treated with lidocaine injections in the abdominal muscles. Also added some extra medical information about pain in this area.
M	2021	Mind Over Pain — Added examples, sensory novelty section — The big idea of this section here was too abstract, so I added several concrete examples of how you “change something about how a painful area feels.”
L	2021	Mind Over Pain — New section, cognitive behavioural therapy.
M	2021	Vaginismus — Several minor improvements for Vaginismus Awareness Day. I added a list of good Twitter accounts to follow, some statistics, a good quote, and some clarifications about the relationship of vaginismus to other kinds of pain (with more links). Lorna Meehan’s work is now included in the resources.
S	2021	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update — Added a citation and expert opinion.
S	2021	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Minor improvements, alignment — Added some colour and did a little editing.
L	2021	Achilles Tendinitis Treatment Science — Two new sections about muscle: “Massage for Achilles tendinitis” and “The role of the plantaris muscle in Achilles tendinitis.”
M	2021	Achilles Tendinitis Treatment Science — Science updated: added two citations and an expert quote on the topic of eccentric training.
S	2021	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — New sidebar — Added a bit of comic relief: “Demon tries to inhabit my body … and regrets it.”
L	2021	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — New section, about plantaris hypertonia.
M	2021	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — Revised — Significant improvements to the clarity of some tricky concepts.
M	2021	Medical Errors in Perspective — Added a new intro with more information and citations about the claim that medicine is the “third leading cause of death in America.” (It’s not.)
M	2021	Cold Laser Therapy Reviewed — Added a small new section, “Lasers versus LEDs,” explaining one of the hottest ongoing controversies about photobiomodulation therapy (and much ado about not much).
M	2021	Cramps, Spasms, Tremors & Twitches — Added mentions of restless leg syndrome and myoclonus, clarified the description of clonus, and expanded on my own experience with fasciculations.
M	2021	Mind Over Pain — More information, the story of “power posing”
L	2021	Mind Over Pain — New section, The power of positive thinking versus toxic positivity.
M	2021	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — Added a section about pain as a learned behaviour (classical conditioning).
L	2021	Pain is Weird — New section, pain as a conditioned behaviour.
L	2021	Mind Over Pain — New section, unlearning learned pain.
L	2021	Mind Over Pain — New section, on pain hacks and false hope.
L	2021	Chronic Pain as a Conditioned Behaviour — New section about threat hyper-vigilance, with a cool analogy to pet reward hyper-vigilance.
L	2021	Cold Laser Therapy Reviewed — Added detailed analysis of a major new trial of laser therapy for back pain.
L	2021	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — New section, fibromyalgia transplanted to mice in blood.
S	2021	Reassurance for Massage Therapists — Adjusted to be more inclusive of other kinds of professionals, not just massage therapists, plus some other polishing, especially rejiggered main list of reassurances to make it much more readable, less of a “wall of text.”
M	2021	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Proofreading — Top-to-bottom check for typos and other minor errors. They creep in over the years as I work on updates to the book. A good three dozen of the little buggers identified and fixed this time.
M	2021	Does Fascia Matter? — New section, alleged fascia-COVID link.
M	2021	Cramps, Spasms, Tremors & Twitches — Added a personal anecdote about successful treatment of a chronically twitching eyelid.
L	2021	What Works for Chronic Pain? — New section: “Pain relief in the future.”
S	2021	Zapped! Does TENS work for pain? — Science update: cited Zhang on pain relief from brain implants.
S	2021	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — Added a small but good citation to a case study of circulatory impairment in a cyclist causing leg pain (Brindisino).
M	2021	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Proofreading — First top-to-bottom proofreading for this book since launch, catching many minor erros that crept in doing about a dozen updates over the last year and half.
S	2021	Use the Force! The myth of healing energy in massage and bodywork — Explained the relevance of autonomous sensory meridian response in a small new section, “Satisfaction guaranteed by primate neurology.”
S	2021	Reassurance for Massage Therapists — Added minor references to counterstimulation and autonomous sensory meridian response.
L	2021	Mind Over Pain — Science update, novel sensory input section — Added a new sub-section… which is larger than the entire original section. Previously I made the recommendation without much explanation. This update thoroughly explores the scientific rationale.
M	2021	Mind Over Pain — New strategy — Added a new sub-section explaining that cultivating ASMR (autonomous sensory meridian response) is a clear, specific, substantive way to “be kind to your nervous system.”
S	2021	Does Massage Therapy Work? — Science update — Added the particularly interesting example of autonomous sensory meridian response to the discussion of the power of touch.
M	2021	Does Craniosacral Therapy Work? — Explored the relevance of autonomous sensory meridian response in a small new section, “More than relaxing: satisfaction guaranteed by autonomous sensory meridian response (weird euphoric head tingles).”
L	2021	Zapped! Does TENS work for pain? — Elaborated significantly on the mechanism of action of TENS, especially distinguishing between simple counterstimulation and the "fancier" version of counterstimulation: descending modulation triggered by novel sensory input.
S	2021	The Science of Pain-Killers — Added minor clarifications about the upper limits of efficacy, and contraindications for NSAIDs.
L	2021	Opioids for Chronic Aches & Pains — New section: “How opioids can cause pain: the insidious trap of downregulation”
L	2021	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — New section, about the “dysfunctionality” of the tensor fascia latae muscle.
L	2021	Mind Over Pain — New section, about analgesic catharsis or “emotional release”
S	2021	Does Acupuncture Work for Pain? — Science update: acknowledged the drafted change in acupuncture recommendations from the UK’s influential guidelines from the National Institute for Health Care Excellence (NICE).
M	2021	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Added information — Added extra detail about the implications of what little data we have, in particular about the unsolved riddle of whether low versus high estrogen is the risk factor.
S	2021	Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements for Pain & Healing — Added minor new citation and commentary: “Survey says most people don’t care what the science says.”
L	2021	Mind Over Pain — New section, different mind-over-pain perspectives.
L	2021	Pain is Weird — Focus! — Migrated a large portion of this article to a new page dedicated to the topic of Mind Over Pain. It was just getting out of hand, trying to cover both the weirdness of pain and it’s mind-over-pain implications all on one page.
M	2021	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Proofreading — It was time for an annual book tune-up: a few dozen minor errors have been corrected.
S	2021	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Science update — Small but fascinating science update about Ascani et al, exploring a possible link between frozen shoulder and COVID.
M	2021	Neurodynamic Stretching — Miscellaneous editing and revision after publication as an independent article. Added artwork and pull quotes.
L	2021	Mind Over Pain — New section, on limiting pain talk.
M	2021	Knee Replacement Surgery Doubts — New section based on Hamilton et al: “Confidence and optimism versus the truth.”
L	2021	Pain is Weird — New section — Third of three new or rebooted sections about pain chronification and the types of chronic pain.
L	2021	Pain is Weird — New section — Second of three new or rebooted sections about pain chronification and the types of chronic pain. This one particularly fills a gap I have known about for ages, and I’m delighted to finally fill it.
L	2021	Pain is Weird — New section — First of three new or rebooted sections about pain chronification and the types of chronic pain.
L	2021	Pain is Weird — Major editorial cleanup — Extensive rewriting and reorganization. This page has evolved haphazardly over many years and had turned into more of a collection of overlapping mini-essays and musings than a cohesive article. It has been reorganized quite a bit now.
L	2021	Mind Over Pain — Major expansion — Much more detail about several of the mind-over-pain tips.
L	2021	The Science of Pain-Killers — New section, “One of the best uses of NSAIDs: treating menstrual cramps.” I am embarrassed that this wasn’t in the first version! A major oversight.
M	2021	Pain is Weird — More detail — Significantly more detailed “advice for professionals” in the final sections of the article.
M	2021	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Improvements — More detail and polish, strain-counterstrain chapter.
M	2021	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Improvements, strain-counterstrain chapter — More detail and polish.
M	2021	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Improvements, strain-counterstrain chapter — More detail and polish.
M	2021	Mind Over Pain — Revision and expansion — More and better information about one of the most specific, practical pieces of mind-over-pain advice in the article.
L	2021	Mind Over Pain — New section, “Doubt diagnosis” — A dense new item to the list of mind-over-pain strategies, on the importance of avoiding nocebo by being very skeptical of all theories about how broken/fragile you are.
M	2021	Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements for Pain & Healing — Several miscellaneous edits after promoting the rebooted version of this article. Most notably, I added some safety information about curcumin, and a full-blown science update about tart cherry juice for insomnia, but there have been many other minor changes.
S	2021	Marijuana for Pain — Added two token citations about cannabis for fibromyalgia. “Token” because the evidence barely exists.
S	2021	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — Science update — Added two token citations about cannabis for fibromyalgia. “Token” because the evidence barely exists.
M	2021	Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements for Pain & Healing — Tied up some loose ends and corrected a bunch of minor errors that crept in during the wave of recent updates. Page is in great shape now, I think. The main thing missing? Some popular supplements! Mostly in the vitamins/minerals category. I will chip away at them over time, of course.
M	2021	Knee Replacement Surgery Doubts — Some editorial polishing and three new images.
L	2021	Knee Replacement Surgery Doubts — Science update and new section: “Total versus partial knee replacement: Is more surgery better? Is less worse?” Also cited more evidence on the role of the anxiety and fear in post-surgical pain. Updated Skou 2015 with data from Skou 2018 and added a full description of that research. Clarified the importance of sham-controlled surgical trials.
M	2021	Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements for Pain & Healing — Many minor improvements to the topics of Glutamine and arginine, branched-chain amino acids, and collagen.
M	2021	Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements for Pain & Healing — Science and citation update on the topic of supplement contamination and adulteration.
S	2021	The Dubious Science of Kinesiology Tape — Minor science update, just piling on with another new negative trial of taping (McManus).
L	2021	Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements for Pain & Healing — A thorough science update on bromelain — such as it is. More like an update on the lack of science. But the section is much more informative now, even if disappointingly so.
L	2021	Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements for Pain & Healing — Complete overhaul of everything about ergogenic aids in general, their possible relevance to pain, and creatine as the primary example — still actually effective for muscle fatigue (hooray, something that works!), but probably not for pain.
S	2021	Does Massage Therapy Work? — Edited — Proofreading and minor editorial polish.
L	2021	Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements for Pain & Healing — Rewrote the fish oil section, with significant science updates.
S	2021	Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements for Pain & Healing — Added an adapted version of Peter Brannen’s highly relevant joke about the simplicity of supplementation versus the complexity of metabolic pathways.
M	2021	Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements for Pain & Healing — Revision and science updates for the glucosamine and chondroitin section. I was particularly exasperated by and sassy about these embarrassingly unimpressive supplements.
L	2021	Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements for Pain & Healing — Major reorganization of the article to make it more useful and comprehensive. Added topics, removed others. A variety of other science updates to come.
L	2021	Marijuana for Pain — Greatly expanded information about cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome.
M	2021	Massage Therapy Side Effects — New and upgraded citations of case studies of massage dislodging blood clots and causing dangerous pulmonary emboli. There are now six interesting summaries of these alarming stories.
M	2021	Does Massage Increase Circulation? — New and upgraded citations of case studies of massage dislodging blood clots and causing dangerous pulmonary emboli. There are now six interesting summaries of these alarming stories.
M	2021	Marijuana for Pain — I consider most single citation updates to be minor, but this one is a bigger deal: Bebee et al, a decisively negative, well-designed trial of pure CBD for back pain, noteworthy for several reasons.
S	2021	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Minor polishing — A little editorial polish, and a bit of elaboration about the role of psychotropic effects.
S	2021	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Minor polishing — A little editorial polish, and a bit of elaboration about the role of psychotropic effects.
L	2021	Vibration Therapies, from Massage Guns to Jacuzzis — A stronger focus on massage guns, and much more detailed analysis of the science of vibration preventing muscle soreness. There’s a new section about whole body vibration. I also elaborated on exactly how vibration might be useful for frozen shoulder. Plus several other minor improvements.
L	2021	Marijuana for Pain — Added a citation about the prevalence of reasons for using cannabis. Added two new short sections: “CBD versus THC for pain,” “So many studies, so little good science.” Added a point about cannabis versus cannabis-based medications.
M	2021	Modality Empires — New section: “What are the alternatives? Academic continuing education.”
L	2021	Marijuana for Pain — Wrote a new intro, expanded on the pain evidence, added a short new section about anxiolytic effects, and a whimsical sidebar about a bizarre headache “caused” by cannabis.
S	2021	Anxiety & Chronic Pain — Some fresh new references about cannabis as an anti-anxiety medication.
L	2021	Quite a Stretch — New section, stretching for cramps.
M	2021	Quite a Stretch — Rebooted — Over the last couple weeks, this article has been upgraded and expanded in many ways. It is now about 33,000 words long, which gives it the dubious distinction of being the first PainSci article to match the length of the shortest PainSci book. Henceforth, I will call this page a “book.”
S	2021	Quite a Stretch — New section, ballistic stretching.
M	2021	Quite a Stretch — Rewritten — Much more and clearer information about other types of stretching, with new references, plus a rewritten explanation of allegedly “advanced” stretching.
S	2021	Quite a Stretch — Science update — Added citations about neck pain, fibromyalgia, headache, runner’s knee.
S	2021	Quite a Stretch — Science update — Added two citations to systematic reviews of research on proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation.
S	2021	Trigger Point Doubts — Just a good round of polish and editing.
S	2021	Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements for Pain & Healing — Proofreading and editorial polish: corrected about 20 minor errors.
S	2021	The Respiration Connection — Proofreading and editorial polish: corrected about 16 minor errors.
L	2021	Quite a Stretch — Completely rewritten — A total reboot of my coverage of the topic of sensory tolerance for stretch.
L	2021	Quite a Stretch — New section — A tour of all the major ways that flexibility supposedly works.
L	2021	Quite a Stretch — Major revision — The introduction to flexibility has not been completely re-written, but close: thoroughly revised and tuned to reflect many changes in this part of the article.
L	2021	Quite a Stretch — Major updates — Extensive improvements: more sub-topics, more references, more detail. Also added a good anecdote about stretching too much.
L	2021	Quite a Stretch — New section, nerve stretching.
M	2021	Quite a Stretch — Science update — Added a bunch more detail and references about the negative effects of stretch on performance.
M	2021	Does Acupuncture Work for Pain? — New section, “Bonus acupuncture myth: no, acupuncture cannot induce labour in pregnant women.”
S	2021	The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) — Substantial batch of minor corrections.
M	2021	Does Massage Therapy Work? — Added a myth — Added an old massage myth I should have added long ago: the idea that rubbing certain acupuncture points can induce labour. It really can’t. Just not a thing.
S	2021	Many Pages — The PainScience.com store checkout has been rebooted. Specifically, I have migrated from Stripe’s legacy checkout system to their new-fangled hosted checkout. See the official announcement for a few details, or my personal blog for a behind-the-scenes look: The new online store story (“If only I had procrastinated more”).
M	2021	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — Rewrote the section on neuroinflammation. It had been hastily excerpted and abridged from another article. Now it’s a proper standalone summary and much clearer.
S	2021	Pseudo-Quackery in Physical Therapy — Added “posturology” to the list of pseudo-quackeries.
S	2021	Does Posture Matter? — Added links — Added six reading recommendations, all with mini-reviews.
L	2021	A Deep Dive into Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness — New section: “Waiting it out or working through it: the role of rest and more exercise in DOMS treatment” in which I address two key questions I should have answered here long ago: “Should you exercise while sore?” and “Can exercising while sore actually help?”
L	2021	Quite a Stretch — New section, Stretching for back pain.
L	2021	Zapped! Does TENS work for pain? — Added summary and citations for non-invasive brain stim. Added two new scientific review citations to the “Overview of TENS reviews” table. Added a new section, “Just the right settings.” Added a dense couple paragraphs about the unclear role of muscle stim in treating arthrogenic muscle inhibition.
S	2021	The Chiropractic Controversies — Added citation to a new survey of chiropractic students showing that anti-scientific subluxationism continues to substantially define the profession around the world.
S	2021	Tennis Elbow Guide — Thorough proofreading, correcting an unusual number of minor errors — not surprising after the huge recent update.
S	2021	Many Pages — More words! I identified and fixed a bug in content management system that was resulting in article and book word counts that were quite a bit too low. In many cases the actual word counts are at least 30% higher than what was being advertised before.
L	2021	Tennis Elbow Guide — Complete article reboot and expansion, roughly tripling in length to about 15,000 words. The most substantively upgraded sub-topics are etiology and risk factors, recovery time, steroids, denervation, massage, and strengthening.
L	2021	Neuropathies Are Overdiagnosed — Modernized, expanded. Most importantly, I added some more basic useful information and citations about neuropathy and muscle pain. This page is still technically just an abridged excerpt, but it now stands a little taller on its own. Some improvements also transplanted back into the tutorials this page came from.
M	2021	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Upgrades — More and better information, mostly achieved in this case by consolidating information from other books in the PainSci library.
M	2021	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Upgrades — More and better information, mostly achieved in this case by consolidating information from other books in the PainSci library.
M	2021	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Upgrades — More and better information, mostly achieved in this case by consolidating information from other books in the PainSci library.
L	2021	A Deep Dive into Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness — Added a fun image of Anti-Stiff, an old-timey snake oil for muscle soreness (good historical perspective, too). Added discussion of worst-case scenarios, especially rhabdomyolysis, and DOMS that’s out of proportion to overexertion. Added examples of pathological vulnerability to DOMS, and some speculation about mechanism (neuroinflammation).
L	2021	The Dubious Science of Kinesiology Tape — Major upgrade, a complete reboot of the article: more of everything, especially citations. Previously it was just a brief “position statement” on the topic, now it’s a full-fledged critical analysis. The bottom line is still the same: skeptical. The biggest single change is the strong emphasis on the interesting fact that therapeutic taping was a chiropractor’s invention from back in the 1970s, and a relatively obscure one until the 2012 Olympics, not a staple of physical therapy and rehab. This really helps make the important point that therapeutic taping is more about marketing than medicine.
L	2021	Voltaren Gel: Does It Work? — Major additions, more than a thousand words on “other topical pain-killers: from literal snake oil to the perfectly cromulent salicylates.”
M	2021	The Chiropractic Controversies — Transplated and updated information about chiropractic’s legal battles from a separate page. Also, the whole article got a proofreading for the first time in quite a while, correcting a few minor errors.
L	2021	Quite a Stretch — Re-expansion — In mid-2020 the article was split up into four separate articles as an experiment. That experiment failed; I decided that it’s better as one mighty article, and restored it to its original state. Technically there’s no new content, but this page is nevertheless “like new” — it has never been this comprehensive before.
L	2021	Achilles Tendinitis Treatment Science — New section: “Achilles tendonitis recovery time.”
L	2021	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Upgrade, alternate explanations of trigger points — Today I dug much deeper into the idea that trigger points are a kind of “injury,” especially an overuse injury. I am quite pleased with this update — genuinely interesting stuff.
M	2021	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Improved, misdiagnosis chapter — I have added much clearer and more thorough information about the difference between a strain (clear mechanism involving structural damage) and a trigger point (unclear mechanism, no obvious structural component).
M	2021	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — More and better, thermotherapy section — It’s not an important sub-topic for patellofemoral pain, but it certainly deserved more and better advice than I had previously offered. An obsolete point or two removed, and a more modern perspective added.
M	2021	The Tyranny of Yoga and Meditation — Added section about the links between yoga and pseudoscience, anti-vaccination, and Qanon, and another about the “Fuck you, Namaste!” phenomenon.
L	2021	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — New section — An entire new section dedicated to a correction: fibromyalgia is not (clearly or officially) a “diagnosis of exclusion.” However, it’s an interesting question to dive into, so I wrote a whole new section about it.
L	2021	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — More info, strength chapter — More detailed information and advice about training for “muscle balance” between the quads and hamstrings.
S	2021	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — Improvements — A bit more and clearer information on the role of radiculopathy/sciatica in differential diagnosis of shin pain.
S	2021	Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Chronic Pain — Science update, added citation and discussion of Mascarenhas et al on cognitive behavioural therapy for fibromyalgia.
S	2021	Missing Serious Symptoms — Revised and significantly expanded.
M	2021	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — Science update — Added citation and significant discussion of Mascarenhas et al, a huge 2020 meta-analysis of treatments for fibromyalgia. I gave some extra attention to the evidence on cognitive behavioural therapy.
S	2021	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — Clarification — Added some new emphasis on how difficult fibromyalgia treatment is. People seem to think there must be a treatment for it, but there really isn’t. This disease remains extremely puzzling and generally untreatable, and that point needed to be made more strongly.
S	2020	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — Added short commentary on the ethics of sharing “high-grade hypochondriac nightmare fuel.”
M	2020	Reviews of Pain Professions — Another thorough proofreading, and many minor clarifications.
S	2020	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — Good news update — Added superb news about “New Graded Exercise Warning on Current ME/CFS Guideline.
S	2020	Most Pain Treatments Damned With Faint Praise — An unusually large batch of typo corrections. (I don’t normally consider correcting typos to be worthy of logging an update, but in this case… sheesh.)
L	2020	Sensitization in Chronic Pain — Added minor new section, “A practical example of self-diagnosis of sensitization and its predictive power,” inspired by Akin-Akinyosoye et al.
S	2020	What Happened To My Barber? — Minor addition of a definition of beauty parlour syndrome.
L	2020	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — New chapter, steroid injections.
S	2020	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — Minor new sub-topic, foam rolling.
L	2020	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Major expansion, regenerative medicine — Added an introduction about regenerative medicine in general, a more bullish assessment of PRP, and some new basic notes about stem cell therapy.
M	2020	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — New sub-topic — Added discussion of the (rather silly) idea that prolotherapy is a form of regenerative medicine.
L	2020	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Major expansion — Added an introduction about regenerative medicine in general, a thorough discussion of autologous chondrocyte implantation, and some basic notes about stem cell therapy.
S	2020	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Minor edit — Modernized the homeopathic arnica section.
L	2020	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — New chapter, regenerative medicine.
S	2020	Trigger Point Doubts — Updated audio version of the article to incorporate recent significant changes.
S	2020	When to Worry About Low Back Pain — Minor science update, added a citation to a cancer case study.
L	2020	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — New chapter, injury warning signs.
M	2020	Does Epsom Salt Work? — Medical update, magnesium deficiency — More and better information about the causes, symptoms, and treatments for magnesium deficiency.
S	2020	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Science update, ultrasound — Minor citation to Ainsworth on ultrasound for shoulder pain (negative, of course).
L	2020	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Major expansion, posture section — Upgraded from a brief dismissal of the topic to a full discussion, from 100 words to 1000.
L	2020	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — New section, positional release — Adapted and expanded from an old chapter in my muscle pain book, with more detail and a neck pain example.
L	2020	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New section, positional release — Adapted and expanded from an old chapter in my muscle pain book, with more detail and a back pain example.
M	2020	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Science update, hip strengthening — Added a scrap of new data about hips tiring faster in ITBS patients, useful mostly as an example of inconclusive research — but we try to work with what we have.
S	2020	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Science update, pain-killers — Added citations to evidence that NSAIDs may actually impair healing.
M	2020	Vibration Therapies, from Massage Guns to Jacuzzis — New section, “Massage gun side effects: shooting yourself in the foot (or anywhere) with a massage gun.”
M	2020	Poisoned by Massage — Cited a new case study of massage-induced rhabdo, added a link to another good quality anecdote about exertional rabdo. Although a minor change, this is now quite a lot of “smoke” and I am starting to thinking that the rhabdo hypothesis isn’t so exotic anymore, so I also changed some language to express more serious concern about the potential seriousness of the situation.
S	2020	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — More info, about types of doctors and therapists — Added some context about trigger point therapy as a “modality” to introduce the section.
S	2020	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — Science update, impact — Cited Milgrom et al on seemingly high-impact exercises actually being not so high impact, and Barton et al on the value of running technique.
S	2020	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Minor upgrade, case study — Added some additional discussion of the implications of Tanya’s story.
M	2020	Trigger Point Doubts — Made a significant correction to my summary of Rathbone et al. I had not noticed an important distinction between intra- inter-rater reliability, which led to more errors in my reporting. The correction also made it possible to make the point of the section more clearly and cleanly.
L	2020	Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Chronic Pain — Added section, “CBT as ‘glorified toxic positivity’ or gaslighting.”
S	2020	Insomnia Until it Hurts — Added citation to Prather et al on the effect of sleep loss on vaccination.
L	2020	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Upgraded — Substantial revision and modernization, with more attention given to skeptical concerns about icing.
L	2020	14 Kinds of Bogus Citations — New section, “Malice and fraud versus incompetence and self-delusion.”
L	2020	Many Pages — Several hundred typos have been eliminated from about 70 PainScience.com articles in a major proofreading effort. The project has reached a milestone, and will continue but with diminishing returns.
L	2020	Does Craniosacral Therapy Work? — New section, “Can craniosacral therapy treat hydrocephalus?” Also a science update, citing Haller.
S	2020	A Deep Dive into Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness — Correction: new evidence suggests that the phenomenon of non-local muscle fatigue isn’t quite as well-established as I thought (see Behm).
M	2020	The False Humility of “Facilitating” Healing — Converted from blog post to permanent article, polished, and expanded a little. (And this is a pretty simple article, so it may never evolve beyond this.)
M	2020	Chronic Pain and Inequality — Added discussion of “social” versus “physical” distance.
M	2020	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — Added a section about smoking, expanded the discussion of poor health, and added an interesting blurb about the pre-pandemic meaning of “social distancing.”
L	2020	The PainScience.com origin story — Substantial revision.
S	2020	Vulnerability to Chronic Pain — Editorial polishing.
S	2020	Smoking and Chronic Pain — Science update. Added a good fresh citation to Smuck et al about the link between smoking and pain.
S	2020	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Science update — Added a citation to Smuck et al.
L	2020	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — New section, the impact of smoking.
S	2020	Does Massage Increase Circulation? — Proofreading.
L	2020	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Major upgrade, steroid injections — Much more thorough exploration of the plausibility and evidence for exploiting the “WOO” that is probably created by steroid injections.
L	2020	Sports Injury Prevention Tips — New section: “Heed the signs! Painful ‘niggles’ are a loud-and-clear sign of an increased risk of injury.”
S	2020	Anxiety & Chronic Pain — A thorough proofreading.
S	2020	Chronic Pain as a Conditioned Behaviour — Proofreading.
S	2020	Vulnerability to Chronic Pain — Science updated. Added a good example from Rechardt et al.
S	2020	Voltaren Gel: Does It Work? — Edited for readability. Added some images.
M	2020	Reviews of Pain Professions — Thorough proofreading. If anyone finds any typos after this, I will be surprised. Grateful! But surprised.
S	2020	Chronic Pain and Inequality — Editing.
M	2020	When to Worry About Neck Pain … and when not to! — New section, “Is right or left neck pain significant?”
L	2020	Voltaren Gel: Does It Work? — Widespread minor improvements, collectively substantial. Most notably added information on mechanism of action, some more safety information, more about brands and availability.
S	2020	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Science update, introduction to exercise therapy — Added more about the rationale for exercise therapy, citing Fu.
L	2020	How to Treat Sciatic Nerve Pain — Added more detail about pain-killers, and more and better information about the role of herniation (with upgraded citations).
L	2020	Tennis Elbow Guide — General editing, and a new section, “Some important general treatment principles to bear in mind.”
M	2020	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update, medications — Cited Ashbrook 2020 on the value of naproxen. Added some additional detail about how/why to experiment with different pain-killers.
L	2020	6 Main Causes of Morning Back Pain — New section, “Poor quality sleep and insomnia are probably major causes of morning back pain.” Also made some minor improvements to the introduction and article summary.
S	2020	Insomnia Until it Hurts — Added citations to Gerhart 2017 on causality, and Rohleder 2012 on the relationship between inflammation and sleep.
M	2020	Use the Force! The myth of healing energy in massage and bodywork — Added a section about the popularity and mainstream traction of vitalism, based on a particularly fluffy New York Times article about it.
S	2020	💩 Massage Therapists Say — Added one particularly juicy item (search for the New York Times quote).
L	2020	Reviews of Pain Professions — Added osteopathy. (Several sections were added all at once in early August when I rebooted this article. This is the first “post-reboot” addition.) Also added a reference about physiotherapy.
S	2020	Does Massage Therapy Work? — Added information, types of massage therapy — Compared and contrasted the practice of massage in other “manual therapy” professions like chiropractic, osteopathy, and physiotherapy.
S	2020	The Chiropractic Controversies — Added a little information about osteopathy and its similarities to chiropractic to the introduction.
M	2020	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Science update, — No obvious changes, but I carefully reviewed and upgraded and fine-tuned some of the referencing in this section. I also added a bit about the history of prejudice against whiplash patients.
L	2020	Does Massage Increase Circulation? — Added new section about cerebrospinal fluid circulation and craniosacral therapy, and another one about hemodynamics and the variables that affect pushing blood through capillary beds.
M	2020	Does Craniosacral Therapy Work? — Added a brief but important point of logic, about CST being a “solution in search of a problem.”
M	2020	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Science update, calf tightness — Substantially improved referencing, with some small but genuinely useful and interesting implications. Best kind of science update!
S	2020	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Science update, nature of the beast — Minor but interesting extra detail about exactly how common plantar fasciitis is (spoiler alert: very common). Upgraded referencing on the topic of plantar fascia thickness.
L	2020	Quite a Stretch — Major update — Extensive revisions and reorganization, with too many changes to itemize. The stretching for pain and flexibility sections were both substantially revised and expanded. The athletic stretching sections — the original core of the article — were fine-tuned, and unified with the particularly important idea that stretching is not a “pillar of fitness.”
L	2020	Reviews of Pain Professions — Completely rebooted, truly “like new.”
M	2020	The Dubious Science of Kinesiology Tape — Added short new section about some silly research: “Bemused scientific post script: does the colour of the tape matter?” Spoiler: no.
L	2020	Vibration Therapies, from Massage Guns to Jacuzzis — �Massage guns” were strangely missing from this article, as well as any discussion of their efficacy, so I corrected that. I also substantially revised everything to make this a more general article about the theme of vibration in both medicine and quackery.
M	2020	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Upgrade — Added quite a bit of additional detail.
L	2020	Chronic Pain and Inequality — Added a substantial section about the “myth of feminine fragility.”
S	2020	The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) — Science updated: cited Fuller et al about the relationship of pain to FMS scoring. Updated the conclusion to be more clearly negative, in tune with the steadily emerging evidence that FMS cannot predict injury risk.
M	2020	Electromagnetic Sensitivity Absurdity — Several minor improvements. Some detail was moved to foonotes. Added more information about the role of psychology in EMS.
S	2020	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Minor addition, introduction — Expanded on the summary of symptoms just a little, emphasizing the quality and potential severity of the pain.
M	2020	Anxiety & Chronic Pain — Minor new section: “Get a pet, probably a dog — they are people too, and those relationships are never toxic.”
M	2020	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — Major improvements, structuralism summary — Substantial editing and elaboration. The chapter is now bigger and better.
M	2020	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Science update — Discussed some interesting new data on the clinical relevance of plantar fasciitis thickness. Do thicker soles mean you’re in worse trouble? Probably not.
M	2020	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Addition — Added osteochondritis dissecans to the list of other diagnoses to consider.
L	2020	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — New chapter, coat hanger pain.
L	2020	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Major upgrade — Added a bunch of new information about conventional risk factors.
M	2020	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — New content — Added coat-hangar pain from orthostatic hypotension to the collection of more exotic types of cervicogenic headache.
M	2020	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Upgraded, diagnosis intro — Added more information based on a very helpful video that shows “fake” shoulder ROM achieved entirely with good shoulder girdle motion, while the shoulder joint proper remains completely stuck.
L	2020	Heat for Pain and Rehab — New section: “Even more localized heating + the relevance of climate and context.”
M	2020	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New section, back beliefs.
L	2020	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — New chapter, slue-footed posture.
S	2020	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Science update, trigger point therapy — Cited a nail-in-coffin 2020 study of dry needling for neck pain.
S	2020	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Science update, phyical stresses — Added more detail and citations about headaches caused by physical irritation around the head, including (sigh) personal protective equipment like face masks.
S	2020	Vitamin D for Pain — Added a statement about vitamin D and COVID-19.
L	2020	Guide to Repetitive Strain Injuries — Extensive editing and modernization. Many minor improvements adding up to a large overall improvement.
S	2020	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — 2020-07-09 — Added a doctor’s anecdote about treating many troublesome back mice over the years, both his own and his patients.
S	2020	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Minor addition, load management — Added sex to the list of activities that can involve potentially harmful knee stresses, depending on the position and, er, endurance.
L	2020	Poisoned by Massage — New section and sub-topic, “PMSM: What about people who feel lousy after a gentle massage treatment?” Polished and updated the article summary. Added a short section about the evidence and the plausibility of the rhabdomyolysis hypothesis.
M	2020	Many Pages — Another round of page speed work: now getting absolutely top marks in various speed testing tools for most pages. Images and YouTube now load “lazily” so readers don’t have to download every picture on every page they visit — just the ones they scroll down to. (Related: YouTube videos have been stopped from using trackers. I’m also getting ready to finally ditch Google Analytics for the same reason.) The scripting that powers popups was simplified down to almost nothing. Some huuuuge lists of updates have been moved to archives for that purpose rather than bloating the pages they’re on. Fixed a bug that was preventing a couple groups of pages from being served by CloudFlare.
M	2020	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Improvements — Science updates, updated side effect information, and just generally more detail.
S	2020	Vulnerability to Chronic Pain — Added and discussed one of the only examples of evidence that can, at least in principle, show a causal link between poor health and chronic pain.
L	2020	Chronic Pain as a Conditioned Behaviour — Added evidence that chronic pain can be a conditioned behaviour, plus some reading recommendations.
M	2020	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — Science update, pronation chapter — Added some more recent citations, some more detail, and a photo.
S	2020	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Minor update, quality control chapter — Added some thoughts on the theme of “What could possibly go wrong?” — inspired by a particularly bizarre example that is both disturbing and yet entirely too typical of the industry.
M	2020	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — Upgraded, strength training chapter — Added more detail, especially about trigger points and minor muscle injury, with a couple new citations.
M	2020	The Role of “Spasm” in Frozen Shoulder — Just a little light editing.
S	2020	Vulnerability to Chronic Pain — Added a discussion of the evidence, such as it is. Also, extensive editing and polish.
L	2020	Anxiety & Chronic Pain — Extensive revisions to the self-help suggestions. This was long overdue. This article is quite old, and had some rambly weird stuff from my hippy youth, now purged. I added a couple of ideas, polished several others, organized them, and created an introduction with some broader points and a summary of all the options.
M	2020	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Science update, dry needling chapter — A small science update, but a significant one: the best quality study with negative results available to date.
M	2020	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Science update — Updated the discussion of inflammation with important perspective about more subtle types of inflammation in overuse injuries.
L	2020	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Major revision, spasm section — Information about spasms and cramps is now more detailed and nuanced. Some significant modernization was needed.
L	2020	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Major science update — Updated the discussion of inflammation with an important new subsection, “The other side of the story: don’t count inflammation out quite yet,” based mainly on the fascinating research of Dakin (among others).
S	2020	A Deep Dive into Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness — Added an unimportant but really interesting citation about non-local muscle fatigue.
S	2020	Cramps, Spasms, Tremors & Twitches — Added an unimportant but really interesting citation about non-local muscle fatigue.
M	2020	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Editing and more content — Added subsection about passive ROM testing, and did some miscellaneous polishing.
M	2020	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Improved — A thorough editing and cleanup, with some information added, most notably the most positive science on the topic.
M	2020	The Role of “Spasm” in Frozen Shoulder — Added an article summary.
L	2020	Does Massage Increase Circulation? — Added new section about deep vein thrombosis.
M	2020	Does Massage Therapy Work? — Upgraded, psychological effects of massage — Significantly expanded on the discussion of how massage might have profound psychological significance to people.
L	2020	Why Do Muscles Feel Stiff and Tight? — Comprehensive editing with many improvements and clarifications.
M	2020	Reassurance for Massage Therapists — Added article summary.
L	2020	Anxiety & Chronic Pain — New section, “Be cautious with marijuana: it can cause anxiety when you use it and when you stop using it.”
L	2020	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — New chapter, case study.
S	2020	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Correction and editing, pacing chapter — I removed a digression because it was based on an error about the relationship between stride rate and running speed. And I did some general editing while I was here.
M	2020	Reassurance for Massage Therapists — Added the point that good healthcare is a process not a product/service, and that this represents a significant opportunity for massage therapists (but massage is also a great product/service).
M	2020	Pseudo-Quackery in Physical Therapy — Added a new short section, “Process versus product.”
M	2020	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — Upgraded, hall of treatment shame — More and better information, and also probably mostly complete now. There might be some other ridiculous treatments for shin splints, but probably none that are popular enough to bother writing a paragraph about.
M	2020	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — New content, orthotics chapter — A minor but nice addition of information (and a story) about heels and heel lifts.
S	2020	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Minor update, rest introduction — Added a couple small but good clarifications, and an amusing bit of perspective, in my never-ending quest to effectively explain the importance of rest.
M	2020	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Upgrade, diagnosis — Clarification what different combinations of strength and pain might mean.
S	2020	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Added info, orthotics chapter — Added basic information and a brief cautionary tale about metatarsal pads.
S	2020	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Science update, — A nail-in-coffin study of needling for neck pain has been published. I may never have to update this chapter ever again. (Ha, fat chance!)
L	2020	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Added case study — An interesting and credible case study about a clear case of spinal degeneration with counter-intuitive consequences.
M	2020	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — New content, other causes of cervicogenic headache — Added a substantial new sub-section, “Trigger points, schmigger points: the many other kinds of muscle injury and dysfunction.”
S	2020	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Science update — Cited a more recent review and added a little bit of extra analysis.
L	2020	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Upgraded — Major improvements and clarifications, inspired by some good scholarly debate about the classification of muscle injuries. A formal classification of some muscle injuries as “functional” is an interesting and useful way to introduce the subtopic of trigger points, and to put it in the context of a book about structural muscle injury.
M	2020	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Science update, definition of strain — Added a good new citation about the definition/classification of strain, clarified the unclear nature of “strain,” and introduced the idea of other kinds of muscle injury.
M	2020	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Expanded, diagnosing sensitization — Added a bunch more specific information about how to recognize sensitization.
L	2020	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New chapter, sensitization — A new chapter about the role of sensitization in frozen shoulder.
M	2020	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Added detail, functional freezing chapter — Added a good story about my mother-in-law’s broken arm, which nicely illustrates a neurologically mediated ROM lockdown.
M	2020	Quite a Stretch — More content — Added some examples of stretching being rejected by elite athletes.
M	2020	Many Pages — Minor updates to several articles about how some pain killers probably impede fracture healing: see Wheatley et al.
L	2020	Anxiety & Chronic Pain — New section, “The special threat of health anxiety (hypochondria).”
S	2020	Psoas, So What? — Minor additions, mainly a startlingly extreme example of fetishization of the psoas.
S	2020	Vulnerability to Chronic Pain — Still more editorial polish and clarifications — nothing major, but another upgrade. I just keep revisiting the topic this week.
S	2020	Vulnerability to Chronic Pain — Added an article summary (which inspired a bunch of editorial improvements to the article, as it summarizing always does).
M	2020	Vulnerability to Chronic Pain — Another round of significant editing. I added a few clarifications, elaborations, and references.
L	2020	Vulnerability to Chronic Pain — Added a section, “Where’s the evidence? Does this approach work?” Plus some miscellaneous editing.
M	2020	Should You Get A Lube Job for Your Arthritic Knee? — Added example of fraudulent promotion of unnecessary viscosupplementation.
L	2020	Science versus Experience in Musculoskeletal Medicine — Expanded and polished. Added two new sections, “Science versus practice from the patient perspective,” and “Is it possible to care about both research and patients? Yes!” Added a citation about low-value medical interventions (Herrera-Perez), another about dry needling (Stieven). Added a terrific quote about eminence-based medicine from a class paper (Isaacs), and another about how to “bridge the gap between science and practice.”
M	2020	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — More information, aging chapter — Discussed the prevalence of severe back pain in older patients, as a good exception-that-proves-the-rule.
M	2020	When to Worry About Neck Pain … and when not to! — Added information about neck pain as a symptom of COVID-19.
M	2020	When to Worry About Low Back Pain — Added information about back pain as a symptom of COVID-19.
M	2020	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — COVID-19 update — Added information about headaches as a symptom of COVID-19.
M	2020	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — COVID-19 update — Added information about headaches as a symptom of COVID-19.
M	2020	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — COVID-19 update — Added information about headaches as a symptom of COVID-19.
S	2020	Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements for Pain & Healing — Minor science update, a couple new citations, and a new section about anti-inflammatory nutrition.
S	2020	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Edited — The standard one-week-later edit, but better than usual. The purpose of the chapter wasn’t as clear as it could have been on the first try. But I think I nailed it this time — this is about why “coping” is much better than it sounds.
M	2020	Many Pages — I have completed a site-wide optimization of page speed — not the first time, and probably not the last. This upgrade was focused on the sheer size and complexity of my documents, which are absurdly complex for what amounts to just a lot of text. For instance, the largest article I have — Does Fascia Matter? — is an astonishing 230KB of content and markup, with more than 2000 nodes (distinct document components, e.g. paragraphs, headings, links, etc). That’s bigger than a gallery of several good quality images… in pure text! This update was all about taming some of that size and complexity, eliminating a bunch of cruft that’s accumulated over time.
L	2020	Sensitization in Chronic Pain — Added much more information about how to recognize/diagnose sensitization.
L	2020	Use the Force! The myth of healing energy in massage and bodywork — Started a collection of examples of vitalism and magical healing in pop culture. Also did a big edit and changed the title to begin making this article more of a hub for all information on PainScience.com about vitalism and other forms of energy medicine.
S	2020	Pseudo-Quackery in Physical Therapy — Added far infrared radiation to the list of popular pseudo-quackeries.
L	2020	Heat for Pain and Rehab — Added substantial section about infrared heating.
S	2020	Does Massage Therapy Work? — Minor addition — Added an infographic of massage benefits as a negative example of typical claims about the profession.
L	2020	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New chapter.
L	2020	Achilles Tendinitis Treatment Science — Important science update, largely overturning my earlier interpretation of Heinemeier et al: while healthy tendon is a very stable tissue that doesn’t get recycled, unhealthy tendon does. I had to completely rewrite that section.
L	2020	6 Main Causes of Morning Back Pain — Comprehensive editing. Re-wrote the summary. Refined advice on treating inflammation. Explained fibromyalgia more clearly and accurately. Added more about mattresses. Improved organization, in-document navigation, and added a few sprinkles of humour.
L	2020	The Role of “Spasm” in Frozen Shoulder — Post-publication polishing. My first crack at this was pretty rushed and messy — apologies to early readers. It’s been cleaned up and significantly improved.
L	2020	“Windows of Opportunity” in Rehab — More context and detail, extensive editing, some new citations and examples — a significant overall upgrade the week after publication.
S	2020	Does barefoot running prevent injuries? — A couple science updates and a little editing. I haven’t dipped into this topic in quite a while!
M	2020	Vibration Therapies, from Massage Guns to Jacuzzis — Added a couple citations; some editing and clarifications.
L	2020	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Rewrite, other theories chapter — A substantial upgzrade. This chapter had become embarrassingly basic, falling behind my personal knowledge. It now has more summaries of competing hypotheses about the nature of trigger points, one particularly important new one, and a big and entertaining list of examples of bad ones. More improvements and refinements soon, but this is a good start.
M	2020	How to Simplify Chronic Pain Puzzles — Added an important clarification, distinguishing between “simpler” and “fewer assumptions.”
M	2020	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — More information, prognosis — Expanded the description in the spirit of helping people understand “what to expect,” what are the limits, with some new examples.
M	2020	Anxiety & Chronic Pain — Science update, added a paragraph about the evidence of the protective and therapeutic effects of exercise, supported by several new citations.
S	2020	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Science update — Added a citation about the safety of BFR training (it’s not entirely safe, turns out).
L	2020	Does Fascia Matter? — New section, etymology of fascia — This is not an important addition to the article, but it does add a lot of colour, and was a delight to write about an extremely rare convergence of three major but extremely different interests: language, musculoskeletal medicine, and ancient Rome.
L	2020	Pain is Weird — New section, clinical paralysis caused by “pain science” — About whether “Pain Science” is “paralyzing” clinicians (spoiler alert: not any good ones).
M	2020	Alternative Medicine’s Choice — Added a section about the legal hazards of anti-quackery activism.
M	2020	A Deep Dive into Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness — Added more information and references about protein supplementation, especially the branched-chain amino acids.
M	2020	Quite a Stretch — More information — Added detail about the practical importance of flexibility. Or lack thereof. Weirdly, this update was harvested from a decade-old Facebook comment.
M	2020	Achilles Tendinitis Treatment Science — Added short but important section warning readers about fluoroquinolone toxicity.
M	2020	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — Upgrades, fasting — Miscellaneous minor improvements.
L	2020	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Upgraded, over-the-counter pain killers — More detail, more references, and more advice.
M	2020	Opioids for Chronic Aches & Pains — Miscellaneous editing and improvements. Nost notable: a new footnote about mechanism, and a new sub-section about weak versus strong opioids.
L	2020	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — New chapter, medication-overuse headaches.
M	2020	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — New section — Added a new section on the alleged anti-inflammatory effects of intermittent fasting. Bottom line: plausible but far from proven, safe and cheap to experiment with.
S	2020	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Science update — Added some information about the potential harms of platelet-rich plasma injection.
L	2020	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New chapter, opioids.
S	2020	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — More content, hall of treatment shame — Added magnesium supplementation.
M	2020	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — More detail, strengthening section — Added a general intro to therapeutic strength training and some commentary on intrinsic foot muscle strengthening and “corrective” exercise.
L	2020	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — New chapter, prolotherapy.
M	2020	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Improvements — Added some significant improvements while reviewing a couple weeks after first publishing the chapter, most notably a good summary of recent icing controversies.
S	2020	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Updated — Added some basic information about intermittent fasting.
S	2020	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — Clarification — Added still more emphasis to the distinction between an explanatory diagnosis and a descriptive one, including a good example of this common point of confusion.
S	2020	Strength Training for Pain & Injury Rehab — Added a citation about anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of resistance training.
M	2020	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Addition, back mice chapter — Added a fun pet theory and personal anecdote about the clinical relevance of lipomas.
M	2020	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Expanded, specific back pain chapter — Some final elaborations and editing. This topic is now more or less completely addressed, I think.
S	2020	Quite a Stretch — Science update — Added an important example, stretching the hamstrings for back pain, with a few relevant references.
S	2020	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Polishing, hamstring stretching chapter — Miscellaneous editing and improvements.
S	2020	Vulnerability to Chronic Pain — Added some quotes and context from Sapolsky on the stresses of combatting loneliness, and the intractability of severe stresses.
S	2020	Does Cartilage Regeneration Work? — Added a footnote to clarify the source of claims about autologous chondrocyte implantation side effects.
S	2020	Does Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection Work? — Added references to a pair of recent meta-analyses… plus a sidebar about the problems with meta-analysis. 😜
L	2020	Strength Training for Pain & Injury Rehab — Another batch of miscellaneous improvements.
M	2020	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — Expanded, strength training — Added sub-topic: “More ways to go wrong getting strong (especially with shin pain)”
L	2020	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New section, icing and heating.
L	2020	Strength Training for Pain & Injury Rehab — Lots of general editing and modernizing, plus a bunch of new stuff about the “corrective exercise trap,” and idea that was represented here before, but too haphazardly. It’s now much more focused and relevant.
M	2020	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — Science update, hip strength — Expanded on the sub-topic of hip strength, based on three new studies.
S	2020	The Pressure Question in Massage Therapy — Added reference to a case study of severe injury from deep abdominal massage.
M	2020	Massage Therapy Side Effects — Added a significant case study of severe injury to the colon from strong abdominal massage, and a story of a woman who was badly injured falling off her massage table. Also edited the intro to make it clear that the severe injuries we can read about are probably outnumbered by unreported/milder ones.
S	2020	Psoas, So What? — Added reference to a case study of severe injury from deep abdominal massage.
S	2020	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — Science update — Added brief discussion of (and a reference for) the prevalence of fibromyalgia before multiple sclerosis diagnosis.
M	2020	Does Massage Therapy Work? — Expanded — Added a case report about severe injury from abdominal injury, and pointed out the likelihood that less severe injuries are probably much more commona and rarely understood or reported.
L	2020	Quite a Stretch — New section, stretching for injury rehab.
S	2020	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — New sub-topic, oral corticosteroids — Compared and contrasted oral and injected corticosteroids.
M	2020	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New sub-topic, oral corticosteroids — Compared and contrasted oral and injected corticosteroids; added some colour/context about anabolic steroids.
M	2020	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — New sub-topic, oral corticosteroids — Compared and contrasted oral and injected corticosteroids; added some colour/context about anabolic steroids.
S	2020	Sensitization in Chronic Pain — Added some useful explanations and definitions of some gnarly jargon, things like “allodynia” and “temporal summation” … which sounds stranger than they are.
S	2020	Statistical Significance Abuse — Updated the American Statistical Association’s new position on completely avoiding the use of “statistically significant.”
M	2020	Does Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection Work? — Science update. Added a couple new references and did a little organizing and editing while I was at it. PRP for muscle strain is now clearly a big fat nothing burger. I suspect other indications will follow suit as the evidence quality continues to accumulate.
L	2020	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — New chapter, a case study about chronic hip pain decisively resolved by unusually intense massage.
S	2020	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Added sub-topic, soft knee bracing — Expanded the scope of the section to include soft bracing as well as taping and strapping.
S	2020	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Science update — Just added a couple references.
M	2020	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — New chapter, skiing considerations.
S	2020	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Added sub-topic, hard and soft knee bracing — Expanded the scope of the section to include soft and hard bracing as well as taping and strapping.
L	2020	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — New chapter, diagnostic ultrasound.
L	2020	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — New chapter, about the role of alcohol — Alcohol has come up in a variety of ways. There’s a need to reconcile them.
M	2020	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New sub-topic, oral corticosteroids — Compared and contrasted oral and injected corticosteroids; added some colour/context about anabolic steroids.
S	2020	Ugly Bags of Mostly Water — Added a substantive footnote about the cost of the chemical ingredients of a human.
L	2020	Does Epsom Salt Work? — Audio version reboot — The audio version of this article has been re-recorded from scratch, including dozens of updates over the last couple years. I’ve also changed the way I produce audio versions so that I can easily updated individual chapters in the future. The audio is available on request to visually impaired readers, and as a perk for all eboxed set customers.
S	2019	Many Pages — One of the largest ever batches of minor corrections: dozens of typos and other little glitches scattered all over the domain. Nothing all that important on its own, of course, but it definitely makes a difference collectively. My thanks to the many readers who reported errors in 2019!
M	2019	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — Comprehensive edit — All kinds of little corrections and improvements, collectively significant.
S	2019	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — Acknowledged controversy — Added disclaimer and acknowledgement of reader concerns about the topic of leaky gut syndrome as a cause of systemic inflammation.
S	2019	Use the Force! The myth of healing energy in massage and bodywork — Added a terrific quote from a former energy worker.
S	2019	Do You Believe in Qi? — Added a terrific quote from a former energy worker.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Major upgrade, Botox chapter — More detail, editorial colour, and references.
S	2019	You Might Just Be Weird — Added nerve root compression symptom pattern variability, which has an at least partly anatomical basis.
L	2019	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — Major upgrade, strength training — Completely rewritten and greatly expanded. Previously this chapter was just a brief dismissal of the value of corrective strength training for shin splints — which wasn’t wrong in itself, but it was inadequate, and in particular it neglected the genuinely valuable role that strength training can play in rehab, even if it can’t “fix” anything.
L	2019	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — Improvements, vagus stimulation — Just more detail.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Science update — Added several interesting details about nerve root compression symptom pattern variability, with references.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update — Added several interesting details about nerve root compression symptom pattern variability, with references.
S	2019	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Minor editing — Minor editing here and there all over the book… but also organizing, planning, and paving the way for more updates. My work here is never done.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Major upgrade, hip and thigh pain section — Much clearer and more thorough integration of greater trochanteric pain syndrome.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Book launch — The headache guide has been free since I first introduced it in the early 2013. Six years and hundreds of hours of development later, it joins my inventory of full-blown books. It’s the second addition in 2019 (after frozen shoulder this summer), after years without any new ones. It is now for sale for $20 USD. All existing boxed set customers will have access automatically — someone who bought a set in 2009 is getting a new book out of that purchase a decade later.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — New chapter, all about treating jaw issues.
S	2019	The Trouble with Chairs — Science update, added citation to Akins et al on the effect of mutiple days of laziness on exercise benefits (hint: it’s not good).
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — New chapter, the role of the jaw in headache.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — New section, Muscle relaxants (Robaxin, Robaxacet, etc), psychoactives, and sedatives — Previously coverage of muscle relaxants was limited to a small section of the medications chapter. This new chapter provides about 10x more information.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New section, Muscle relaxants (Robaxin, Robaxacet, etc), psychoactives, and sedatives — Previously coverage of muscle relaxants was limited to a small section of another chapter. This new chapter provides about 10x more information and is a complete reboot of the topic in this book.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New section, cannabinoids (finally)
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — New chapter, Muscle relaxants (Robaxin, Robaxacet, etc), psychoactives, and sedatives.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — New section, cannabinoids (finally)
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — New chapter, cannabinoids (finally)
L	2019	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New section, cannabinoids (finally)
S	2019	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Minor improvement, functional freezing chapter — Minor but interesting: a couple new paragraphs about joint stiffness as a non-specific protective mechanism that may be analogous to functional freezing of the shoulder.
L	2019	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Major update, muscle relaxants — Added a lot more detail, especially about psychoactive “muscle relaxants,” and many new references.
M	2019	Healer Syndrome — Added a substantial discussion of the silly idea that a healer isn’t actually doing the heavy lifting, but is merely facilitating self-healing.
S	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Added colour — Added a minor but very amusing anecdote about a bizarre cause of headaches.
L	2019	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New chapter, Muscle relaxants (Robaxin, Robaxacet, etc), psychoactives, and sedatives.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — New chapter, a case study that blurs the line between tension headache and migraine.
M	2019	Organ Health Does Not Depend on Spinal Nerves! — Science update — Discussed acute effects of SMT on the parasympathetic nervous system, and cited Picchiottino et al on the lack of clinically significant effects.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Expanded, other causes of chronic widespread pain — Added two more sub-topics: psychological amplification and true psychosomatic pain.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Expanded, other causes of regional pain — Added three sub-topics: specific pain system dysfunction, spatial summation, and claudication.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Science update, subluxation chapter — Added references to support “arthritis isn’t wear-and-tear.” Substantial additional editing and clarifications throughout the chapter.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Expansion — Previously this chapter was just about massage in general and foam rolling in particular. I’ve widened the scope to address the underlying assumption that there’s a need to “loosen” the quads, and now cover both stretch and massage.
L	2019	Get in the Pool for Pain — New section, “Deeper mysteries,” about hard-to-explain effects of immersion on severe chronic pain and fatigue.
L	2019	Does Fascia Matter? — New section, a case study of Frank the “adhesion machine”
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Major upgrade — Much more detailed discussion of spinal manipulative therapy.
S	2019	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Science update — Upgraded the rationale and referencing for icing in the absence of acute inflammation.
L	2019	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Major science update — Updated the discussion of inflammation with an important new subsection, “The other side of the story: don’t count inflammation out quite yet,” based mainly on the fascinating research of Dakin (among others).
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Significant revision — To be candid, my comparisons of neck and back pain seemed a little boring and not all that helpful when I reviewed them recently, so I put in some work to make the chapter more useful and interesting.
S	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Minor maintenance — Updated about a dozen broken links.
L	2019	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New chapter, about coarse tissue vibration.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — New section, more exotic cervicogenic headaches.
S	2019	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Science update, nature of the beast — Added an interesting reference about a link between carpal tunnel syndrome and heart disease, for context and comparison.
S	2019	The Tyranny of Yoga and Meditation — The first update to this article in more than three years is minor but hilarious: snarking about the corporate yoga prescription thing.
L	2019	Anxiety & Chronic Pain — New section, “Maximize outlets for frustration.”
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update — This is probably the final update about antibiotics for back pain. It’s looking pretty closed. Famous last words? We’ll see.
S	2019	Strength Training for Pain & Injury Rehab — Minor but nice addition of a “good news” reference about the permanence of a key exercise benefit.
S	2019	Strength Training Frequency — Minor but nice addition of a good-news reference about the permanence of a key change in trained muscle.
S	2019	Organ Health Does Not Depend on Spinal Nerves! — Added a small section responding to the criticism that this article is attacking a straw man, a belief that modern chiropractors don’t really have. (They really do, actually. In substantial numbers.)
S	2019	The Chiropractic Controversies — Added a couple sources regarding the prevalence and persistence of subluxation-based chiropractic, most notably Mirtz et al.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Expanded — Added digital motion X-ray, homeopathy, supplements, electroacupuncture, and Epsom salts baths to the hall of treatment shame, making it more or less complete for now.
S	2019	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Minor addition — Adding a little information about inversion tables for neck traction.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — New section, hall of treatment shame.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — New chapter, aquatic therapy.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Science update — Added a really huge footnote providing patient and physician guidance on the topic of diagnostic nerve blocks, with several references.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — New intro, etiology — Added a substantive intro the nature-of-the-beast chapters of the tutorial.
M	2019	Are Orthotics Worth It? — Added good quality reference, Munteanu et al, a very negative trial of custom orthoses for Achilles tendinitis.
L	2019	Achilles Tendinitis Treatment Science — New section, “Orthotics for Achilles tendinitis,” based mainly only Munteanu et al.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — New chapter, red wine and other triggers (not just for migraines)
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Major revision, hamstring stretching chapter — Although the bottom line remains essentially the same, this chapter is now much higher quality in every way. More information, clearer, and fully up-to-date scientifically.
M	2019	Use the Force! The myth of healing energy in massage and bodywork — Added a sidebar about all the other major vitalistic therapies. Although primarily about “therapeutic touch,” I am gradually turning this article into a more general one about energy medicine.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — New section, about pathological vulnerability to strains.
S	2019	Don’t Worry About Lifting Technique — Science update: cited and discussed Steffens et al on back pain risk factors related to lifting.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Added more, secondary headaches chapter — Covered CSF leaks, or “upright headache.”
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Rewritten, “meltdown” cases — Completely rewritten to reflect the many things I have learned about severe chornic widespread pain over the last several years. Exploring the concept of chronic-acute pain is probably the most meaningful addition.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Added more, secondary headaches chapter — Covered aneurysms that masquerade as tension headaches, and important safety-first update.
S	2019	Does Epsom Salt Work? — Science update, magnesium as a pain killer — Cited a more recent review of the science on this topic, Peng. Still negative. Did some related editing.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — New chapter, “Headache, neck pain, and ‘cricks’”
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — More information, headache triggers — Added more detail, with an actual citation about ponytail headaches (and the implications), and much more thorough coverage of computer display position.
M	2019	Does Posture Matter? — Science update, risks of poor posture — Added some badly needed substantiation of my story that awkward postures can sometimes directly trigger episodes of body pain.
L	2019	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Expanded, bogus treatments list — Added Reiki and magnet therapy, plus a bunch of other minor improvements.
M	2019	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Expanded, massage therapy chapter — Added discussion of general health benefits of massage therapy.
L	2019	Quite a Stretch — New section, stretching dosage — Some new content, and some old content transplanted from other sections. There’s certainly more to do on dosage, but I think it’s a solid summary so far.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Rewritten again, sleep posture etc — This chapter was rewritten along with the chapter on causes of morning back pain, and is about double its previous size.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Rewritten again, morning back pain chapter — This chapter is vastly expanded. In fact, it is now one of the largest chapters in any of my books.
L	2019	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — Added new section: “All in your head: pure psychosomatic pain.”
S	2019	Cramps, Spasms, Tremors & Twitches — Added the interesting example of vaginismus and pelvic floor spasm to the list of spasm types.
S	2019	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Addition, differential diagnosis — Added facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, a particularly good example of a condition that causes diagnostic confusion in the shoulder.
S	2019	Does Posture Matter? — Editing — Many minor improvements throughout the article.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — New section, post-surgical lateral knee pain.
M	2019	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Upgrade, strengthening section — In response to a reader inquiry, I discussed eccentric training, the Alfredson protocol, and the difference between heel drops and heel raises.
M	2019	Anxiety & Chronic Pain — Added quite a bit of recommended reading.
S	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Science update, headache and trigger points (muscle knots) — Added a citation to build the case that headaches are linked to muscle soreness.
S	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Clarifications, intro the nature of tension headaches — Revised for clarity, added a reference.
M	2019	Does Epsom Salt Work? — Upgraded, the logical limits of any one pain treatment — Just more and clearer information.
L	2019	Achilles Tendinitis Treatment Science — Much more detailed information, and more science, about heel drops and the Alfredson protocol.
L	2019	Use the Force! The myth of healing energy in massage and bodywork — New section, “Matter/energy equivalence and quantum rationalizations.”
M	2019	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — Added minor-but-nice perspective about the “official” major categories of causes of pain. Pie chart included.
L	2019	Progressive Training — New section (first update here in ages): “You can recover from practically anything with baby steps… but not everything.”
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New section, sacroiliac joint dysfunction.
S	2019	Popular but Weird & Dangerous Cures — Added drinking bleach, inspired by the FDA’s bizarre warning about it.
S	2019	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Science update — Added minor but very interesting new citation about the cause of chronic Lyme disease (see Jutras)
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Major revisions underway — This medical factors part of the book is being revised. It was originally written by a physician collaborator, and I am now taking over, modernizing it until I’m happy to put my own name to it.
S	2019	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Minor improvement — Added more detailed explanation of testing popliteal tendon.
M	2019	Voltaren Gel: Does It Work? — Added small new section: “Remember, exercise is also an anti-inflammatory medication.”
L	2019	Guide to Repetitive Strain Injuries — Added new section: “Exercise is also an anti-inflammatory medication.”
L	2019	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Book launch — The frozen shoulder guide has been free since I first introduced it in the summer of 2016. Two years and hundreds of hours of development later, I am putting it behind the paywall, the first addition to my inventory of ebooks in many years. It is for sale for $20 USD. All existing boxed set customers will get access automatically — someone who bought a set in 2009 is getting a new book out of that purchase a decade later.
L	2019	14 Kinds of Bogus Citations — New section, “Who cites so badly? Dramatis personae.” The bullshitter, the lightweight, and the bad scientist.
L	2019	The Art of Rest — Added new section, “Is there any science about how well resting works, or the best way to do it?”
S	2019	Get in the Pool for Pain — Some editing and minor corrections.
L	2019	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Expanded — Added a fascinating cautionary tale of surgery gone wrong.
L	2019	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New section, testing for functional limitations.
M	2019	Many Pages — Added distinctive styling of on-page links: they are now a nice sage green, like this (links to the top of the page). PainScience.com has a lot of huge articles with dozens or even hundreds of links to sections/chapters. Those links have always looked identical to links to other websites, but they are quite different, they should look different, and now they do!
L	2019	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Expanded, surgery chapter — Added much more information about general issues with orthopedic surgeries. Reviewed a popular but terrible surgery — blocking ankle pronation with a screw in the joint! Yikes.
S	2019	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Minor addition — Added a sub-section about tarsal tunnel syndrome.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Minor addition, resting pitfalls — Added a brief discussion of an important principle: exercise is a pain-killer! Sometimes.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — New section, evidence for resting
S	2019	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update, yoga — A minor science update, long overdue. No change to the bottom line, just more evidence that yoga isn’t exactly curing most people’s back pain.
L	2019	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New section, aquatic therapy, flotation, Epsom salts.
L	2019	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New section, about windows of opportunity.
S	2019	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — Added detail, inflammation and stress — Added a couple of particularly interesting (but minor) points about the effect of stress on immunity.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Edited, the unpredictability of TrP symptoms — Thoroughly edited, and added a disclaimer about “special pleading.”
M	2019	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Expansion — Added a detailed overview of all the treatment options reviewed in this tutorial.
L	2019	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New section, Tiger Balm, A535, and friends.
L	2019	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — Added new section about chronic immune activation after infection.
L	2019	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New section, reviewing all the most bogus treatments for frozen shoulder.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Added more, secondary headaches chapter — Added jaw pain and eye strain, and also (more significantly) recruited both topics into later chapters in service of other points.
L	2019	Achilles Tendinitis Treatment Science — Added section, “Surgical repair of tendon rupture,” and some more specific information about early mobilizations.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Optimized — A rewrite inspired by recent work on a dedicated article about vulnerability to chronic pain. This chapter is now both shorter and yet actually broader in scope.
S	2019	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Science update — Added a citation to Mäntyselkä about the relationship between neck pain and being out of shape.
S	2019	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Clarification — Made it clear that frozen shoulder is a particularly strong example of an important phenomenon, the importance of non-specific risk factors in chronic pain.
L	2019	The Role of Eccentric Contractions in Rehab — New section, a brief summary of “Eccentric contractions as a treatment for muscle strain.”
S	2019	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Editing, muscle flossing chapter — Polish, some more details, and better integration into the book.
S	2019	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Editing, strength chapter — Polish, some more details, and better integration into the book.
M	2019	Why So “Negative”? — Added four more tips for diplomatic critical analysis.
L	2019	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — Two new sections about mitochondrial disease and neuroinflammation, plus a bunch of editing to integrate those topics with some of the others. Also changed the introduction to emphasize that chronic pain is seriously multifactorial, some critical context previously neglected.
L	2019	Pain & Injury Survival Tips — New section, vulnerability.
S	2019	Does Fascia Matter? — General edit — Corrected a large batch typos and other minor errors generously compiled by reader M.M.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Major revision, prolotherapy — Thorough science update and much more detail. Prolotherapy has gotten a bit of a revival in the last few years, and it’s persistence in the marketplace justifies more detailed coverage of the topic. Unfortunately, the bottom line hasn’t budged: still not recommended for back pain.
S	2019	Does Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection Work? — General editing and minor updates. Spelled out the relationship to other cell and stem cell therapies much more clearly than before.
L	2019	Does Cartilage Regeneration Work? — New section, “Relationship to other cell and stem cell therapies.”
L	2019	Salamander and Regeneration Science — New section, “Cells as medicine: the use of regenerative medicine for injuries and chronic pain.”
M	2019	Does Craniosacral Therapy Work? — General editing from top to bottom.
S	2019	Anxiety & Chronic Pain — Added another pathological cause of anxiety: high somatic awareness caused by hyposerotonemia (see Khoury et al).
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Improved, introduction to basic trigger point therapy — Extensive editing and improvements throughout all the basic treatment sections. I added many key points and tips while staying within the scope of “basic” (a tricky balance), mining years of writing on this topic for a wide variety of refinements and carefully boiling them down to their essentials. Several ideas I consider obsolete were also removed. The Quick Reference Guide was also updated to match.
L	2019	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — New section.
M	2019	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — Re-written — Although I have always liked describing fibromyalgia as a “medical UFO,” I was never really happy with my explanation of that analogy. Today I re-wrote it, clearer and briefer, and I think I finally got it right.
L	2019	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — Added a section about a newly identified common genetic defect linked to exaggerated awareness all kinds of sensation. Really fascinating.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Huge expansion, trigger point therapy — Before the update: just a few paragraphs about massage for headache. After: a 2000-word whirlwind tour of the world of trigger point therapy, spelling out the relevance to headache in detail and plenty of specific advice.
L	2019	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New chapter, trigger point therapy — Before the update: just a couple of paragraphs about self-massage of trigger points. After: now there’s a concise but complete 2000-word whirlwind tour of the world of trigger point therapy, spelling out the relevance to frozen shoulder and plenty of specific advice for frozen shoulder patients.
M	2019	Many Pages — Hundreds of old URLs for bibliographic references have now been updated.
L	2019	Quite a Stretch — New section, on stretching, inflammation, and aging.
M	2019	How to Treat Sciatic Nerve Pain — Added discussion of cluneal nerve entrapment and trochanter pain syndrome to the diagnosis section.
L	2019	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — New section.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Upgraded — Added more detail about greater trochanteric pain syndrome, making the section a little more useful to many readers.
S	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Science update, spinal manipulation chapter — An “update” with an old citation, but a good one.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Expanded — A deeper exploration of cervicogenic headache has begun, based mainly on Bogduk. I added a nice case study, more detail to both the arguments for and against, and a nomenclature note.
M	2019	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — Added section about benzodiazepene (tranquilizer) withdrawal.
M	2019	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — New section.
M	2019	Cramps, Spasms, Tremors & Twitches — Added a little more detail about cramps.
M	2019	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — Added section about social isolation and loneliness, the first of a series that I will be adding about non-specific vulnerabilities to illness and chronic pain.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Rewritten, definition of tension headache — Completely revised the introduction to the definition of a tension headache. I now discuss the two main interpretations of this very vague term. Another major goal was to change the scope of the article, so that it will include cervicogenic headache in the future. While it will never be a guide to all kinds of headache, it’s clear that “tension headache” alone was too limiting. What I’m really interested in is helping readers troubleshoot any non-migraine, non-ominous headache… which covers a lot more ground than just “tension” headaches.
L	2019	Muscle Pain as an Injury Complication — Thoroughly edited and modernized.
M	2019	Sensitization in Chronic Pain — Added brief but important coverage of stress-induced visceral sensitization.
L	2019	Tennis Elbow Guide — New section: “Medications for tennis elbow.”
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Revised, chapter about TrPs as a complication of injury — Significantly expanded and modernized (for the first time since it was originally written, I think).
L	2019	Your Back Is Not Out of Alignment — Audio version reboot — I just re-did the audio version of this article, including dozens of updates in recent years. I’ve also changed the way I produce audio versions so that I can easily updated individual chapters in the future. The audio is available on request to visually impaired readers, and as a perk for all eboxed set customers.
M	2019	Does Epsom Salt Work? — More detail — Added more information about magnesium supplementation as it relates to muscle cramping.
M	2019	Anxiety & Chronic Pain — Added information and citations about anxiety as a risk factor for injury. Finally cleaned up and modernized my muddled thoughts on the hiding of anxiety and its physical and biological signs.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Rewritten, morning symptoms chapter — Heavily revised to basically be an abdridged version of the article 6 Main Causes of Morning Back Pain, focusing on trigger points. This section had been aging poorly, full of unsubstantiated speculation and dubious premises. It’s on firmer footing now.
S	2019	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Science update, muscle pain chapter — Updated references related to the relationship between trigger points and headache.
M	2019	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New sub-topic — Fascinating addition to the tutorial: “Shoulder injury related to vaccine administration.”
S	2019	Achilles Tendinitis Treatment Science — Science update: added some fresh evidence about the efficacy of standard rehab methods (not bad, not great either).
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Major enhancement, strength training section — Added an extremely useful evidence-based strength training recommendation. This is as good as any update gets!
M	2019	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — Expanded, differential diagnosis section — Added radiculopathy, tendinopathy, and more detail about specific peripheral neuropathies.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — New section, all about joint noise.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — New section, all about joint noise.
S	2019	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Upgrade, strengthening section — A small but good thing: embedded a high quality demo video for the specialized heel raise I recommend.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Updated — Added some good expert quotes and optimistic perspective on pain education from Moseley.
L	2019	Achilles Tendinitis Treatment Science — Added section about regenerative medicine.
L	2019	Achilles Tendinitis Treatment Science — Added section about eccentric exercise. Improved layout of embedded video of heel raises. Lots of editing. Added caveats about pain-killers.
M	2019	Does Massage Increase Circulation? — Added a new citation (Munk) that reduces my confidence in the available scientific evidence on this topic: it may be closer to “inadequate” than “negative.” My conclusions have been softened accordingly.
L	2019	Does Massage Increase Circulation? — Added a section about ischemic pressure: highly localized “flushing” of tissues. Elaborated on the plausibility of scalene hypertrophy. Added an aside about levels of confidence in myth-busting.
S	2019	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Editing — Some clarifications about the mechanism of “flushing” and whether uncomfortable massage intensity can be justified for that reason.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Edited, ischemic pressure technique — Clarified, modernized, and expanded a little bit, especially integrating new information about the effect of massage of tissue fluids and circulation.
L	2019	Does Massage Increase Circulation? — Added a section thoroughly reporting on Franklin et al, which challenges my skeptical bias. Also added a fun quote.
L	2019	Does Massage Increase Circulation? — Added citation about the effect of relaxation on circulation. Made it clearer that this is not an anti-massage article. Added tourniquet example to help explain circulation “increase.” Added a new section, “The CPR thought experiment.” Fixed several typos.
M	2019	Does Craniosacral Therapy Work? — Short new section comparing and contrasting beliefs about increase circulation of cerebrospinal fluid versus blood.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update — A particularly disappointing, predictable update on 2010’s overhyped news about methylene blue.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update — A particularly disappointing, predictable update on 2010’s overhyped news about methylene blue.
M	2019	Massage Therapy for Tennis Elbow and Wrist Pain — Editing and modernization with miscellaneous science updates (e.g. regarding inflammation and tendinitis), and taming the claims about trigger points (excessive enthusiasm dating back to the 2000s still being dialed back).
L	2019	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — New section, leaky gut syndrome.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Rewritten — Totally revised and tripled in length, this chapter is “like new.” I also moved it to the diagnosis section of the book to give it greater importance.
M	2019	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — More detail, strengthening chapter — Added discussion of one vs two-footed raises and a more detailed progression example.
M	2019	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — More information, cast boot chapter — Added discussion of actual plaster casts, comparing and contrasting with cast boots.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Expanded — Miscellaneous improvements, and I added discussion of the “space making” surgeries (e.g. posterior cervical laminoforaminotomy).
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Upgrade, on the erratic quality of chronic low back pain — Modernized the trigger point content and added several paragraphs about sensitization as well.
L	2019	A Deep Dive into Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness — New section about vibration.
M	2019	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Expanded — Imaging is now discussed in its own small section, and I beefed it up with information about the role of diagnostic ultrasound.
M	2019	Sensitization in Chronic Pain — Added the term “amplified pain,” discussed and briefly reviewed the notorious Invisibilia episode about it, and added an explanation that exposure therapy can be conservative or aggressive.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Edited, differential diagnosis — A thorough editing, especially to the information about frozen shoulder, part of an ongoing effort to upgrade differential diagnosis information in the book.
M	2019	Strength Training Frequency — Added article abstract. And I also actually removed some content from the article: legacy stuff I simply felt was no longer necessary to make the point effectively. So it’s a bit shorter and sweeter now.
S	2019	Guide to Repetitive Strain Injuries — Added fascinating reference about the lack of turnover in tendon tissue (Heinemeier).
L	2019	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — New chapter, Women and plantar fasciitis: the possible role of estrogen.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Minor upgrade — Added some information about the craving for stretch, its implications, and the problem with trying to stretch the suboccipitals.
S	2019	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update — Pure reinforcement: cited Artus 2010 and Artus 2014, backing up Machado.
S	2019	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — Added a listed other possibilities that I’m considering for future updates. I think the list itself has value, even without elaboration.
L	2019	Knee Replacement Surgery Doubts — New section: “Is pain after surgery a complication or a normal side effect?”
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Edited, trigger point palpation — Thoroughly edited for clarity. Stronger focus on the many ways palpation can go wrong.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Edited and expanded, resting chapter — Added a new basic concept to the introduction, added discussion and recommendations about total rest, and clarified several other points.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Addition — Added discussion of MSG.
M	2019	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Science update — Added information and citations on the condition of the joint in severe cases, and the link to Dupuytren’s contracture.
M	2019	Quite a Stretch — Science update — Added five citations showing that stretching can increase flexibility.
M	2019	The 3 Basic Types of Pain — Added clearer acknowledgement of the odious term “functional pain,” and adopted a new preferred term for that tricky “other” category of pain: primary pain, as proposed by Schechter. Hat tip to Rachel Z. for inspiring this line of thinking.
L	2019	The Unstretchables — Two new sections: “Citation needed?” and “Some other examples of unstretchables, or only partially stretchables.” Also implemented a huge improvement to readability on small screens. Feel more welcome, smartphone readers!
L	2019	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — Big new chapter, about the role of fascia in compartment syndrome.
S	2019	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — New section, minor new sub-topic: Is it possible to exercise to recovery while still in some pain?
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Edited, worst-case scenarios with pushing through the pain — Just cleaned it up, clarified, made it less about runners exclusively.
S	2019	Stuck in My Throat — Clarified gargling self-treatment tip and added another: gentle strength training for the neck/throat.
M	2019	Massage Does Not Reduce Inflammation — Described another methodological concern, and cited some newer exercise soreness science that casts even more doubt on the idea that massage reduces inflammation.
S	2019	Insomnia Until it Hurts — Added citation to Krause, a brain study of sleep deprivation and pain, adding to the mountain of evidence that losing sleep is directly painful.
M	2019	Your Back Is Not Out of Alignment — Update/correction — Meniscal fraying is no longer a good example of a clearly structural problem with a clear structural solution, not that we know that so much mensical repair surgery is ineffective. Corrected and clarified.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Revision, adhesions — A substantial editing of this topic for the first time in years, eliminating a fair bit of quaint naivete and credulity from the good ol’ days when I still didn’t know just how deep these waters run.
S	2019	Trigger Points on Trial — Added citation to another rebuttal to Quintner et al: see Critique of Quintner et al. 2015.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — New section, about reassuring explanations for why neck pain is so common.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New section, about the pros and cons of getting an MRI.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Elaborated — Added much more information about stress reduction and breathing exercises.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Major improvements — Re-organized and chapterized treatment recommendations and reviews, added more of an introduction. Many small additions.
S	2019	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Addition, differential diagnosis section — Added Baxter’s neuritis, the carpal tunnel syndrome of the foot.
L	2019	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — New section, about Baxter’s neuritis.
L	2019	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New section, about cases caused by infection after surgery.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Science update, risk of hurting nerve — Extended the discussion of vulnerability to include “sensitization.”
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Editing, overdiagnosis of nerve pain — This chapter now plays nicer with related sub-topics, and I’ve emphasized the differential diagnosis context a little more.
L	2019	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — New section: “Spatial summation and why some body areas suffer more, like the neck and back.”
M	2019	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — Science update — Quirky sidebar about the relationship between running softly and quietly.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — New section, review of a popular video about “patellar release”
L	2019	Quite a Stretch — Reorganized — I’ve shuffled and renamed many sections, plus a bunch of editing, to reflect new priorities for the article going forward: a more comprehensive review of all stretching sub-topics, but especially stretching as a component of injury rehab and treatment for chronic pain. Several significant changes are planned for 2019.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — New section, “The usual suspects: tackling the things that make all kinds of pain worse”
M	2019	Your Back Is Not Out of Alignment — New sub-topic — Added some thoughts and a new citation about muscle “imbalances” (over and under-developed muscles on one side or the other).
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Expansion, discussion of specific back pain — Today I added a little depth on a couple key points, and commentary on a really interesting example of specific spinal pain from Dr. Stu “There’s No Such Thing As Non-Specific Back Pain” McGill.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Upgraded — Substantial upgrade to review of evidence for over-the-counter medications.
S	2019	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Minor science update — Added support from another researcher (Bunker) for abolishing the term “adhesive capsulitis.”
M	2019	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Science update — Added information about the prevalence of frozen shoulder in the general population and in diabetics.
S	2019	The Dubious Science of Kinesiology Tape — Added three citations showing a lack of effect of taping on pain.
M	2019	Stuck in My Throat — Added story and information about tonsil stones showing up on CT scans.
S	2019	Guide to Repetitive Strain Injuries — Just one citation added, but a neat one: Marsolais et al found that anti-inflammatory meds suppressed some gross signs of inflammation in tendinopathy, but had no other benefit. Good to know.
L	2019	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Like new, blood flow restriction training — Substantial expansion of my coverage of this topic.
M	2019	Anxiety & Chronic Pain — New section, “Why is exercising helpful for stress? It simulates what stress is trying to prepare us for.”
S	2019	Diagnosing Runner’s Knee — Added a footnote listing several other conditions that can mimic ITBS and/or PFPS.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update, medications — Finally added hard evidence of the obvious — over-the-counter pain meds don’t really work — and got into some nuances.
S	2019	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Clarification, diagnosis section — Made it clear that frozen shoulder is a diagnosis of exclusion.
M	2019	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Addition, nature of the beast — Defined the condition more precisely and thoroughly. Added a substantive footnote about the exact anatomy affected.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Addition, hypermobility section — Added excerpt from a comedic and interesting article about a patient with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome who’s shoulder was dislocated by a massage.
M	2019	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Science update, regenerative medicine section — Added brief discussion of the poor state of evidence for stem cell therapy, citing Pas et al.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Science update, regenerative medicine section — Added brief discussion of the poor state of evidence for stem cell therapy, citing Pas et al.
S	2019	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Minor addition, resting strategy — Added sidebar about crutches and canes.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Additions, differential diagnosis — After long neglect, I finally added some new points to this section, regarding tendinitis and infrapatellar fat pad impingement fat pad syndrome.
M	2019	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Science update, regenerative medicine section — Added brief discussion of the poor state of evidence for stem cell therapy, citing Pas et al.
L	2019	The Role of Eccentric Contractions in Rehab — New section, a brief summary of “Eccentric contractions as a treatment for tendinopathy.”
M	2018	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Upgraded — There’s a new sub-section about the role of stress in any kind of chronic pain, and bunch of revision so that the section is more focused on the concept of vulnerability. This is a setup for more practical advice, still to come, about how to attempt to be less vulnerable.
M	2018	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Expansion — Continued the process of making this section into a more substantive exploration of the idea of specific back pain, and added a new example, a case study of back pain caused by a tumour on a nerve root.
L	2018	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — New section: “Non-obvious nerve entrapment.”
L	2018	Contrast Hydrotherapy — New section, based on Higgins et al: “Keep it shallow (because contrasting is unlikely to have much effect on deeper tissues).”
S	2018	Does Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection Work? — Cited Mascarenhas et al on PRP for osteoarthritis (and it’s the usual story: garbage in, garbage out, no conclusion, no compelling evidence).
L	2018	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — New section.
M	2018	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — New sub-topic — Added leaky gut syndrome.
L	2018	Anxiety & Chronic Pain — Completely renovated the discussion of the effect of posture on mood and anxiety, especially upgrading the references substantially, after reading Gronau et al. My previous writing on this topic was dreadful, amateurish stuff leftover from the earliest days of this website — good riddance.
M	2018	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Additions — Added an informative and entertaining example.
M	2018	Does Posture Matter? — Science update — Updated referencing and footnotes about “power posing.”
M	2018	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — Modernization, trigger point section — Added clearer and more detailed acknowledgement of the controversies and scientific uncertainties about trigger points.
L	2018	Does Fascia Matter? — New section, nerve entrapment.
L	2018	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Expanded, peripheral neuropathy hypothesis — Added substantially to the section with exploration of two examples of peripheral neuropathy that may be mistaken for trigger points (but only if you’re not very good at this stuff).
M	2018	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Improvements, icing section — Edit for clarity and keeping up with the times, especially acknowledging changes in the science of inflammation of repetitive strain injuries. Also added a new sub-section on “the frozen water bottle trick.”
L	2018	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — New section, Electric exercise: electrical muscle stimulation (EMS)
M	2018	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Science update, resting and load management — Explored evidence-base and scientific plausibility of resting recommendations.
M	2018	Many Pages — I revised the PainScience.com menu. It is now (finally) based on topics, which I hope readers will find more useful than the rather meaningless categories that were there for years (“articles” doesn’t really tell you what you are going to find — might as well have had a link to “stuff”). The new topic items will take readers to curated indexes of content organized into subcategories. Also new: a sitemap (of sorts), and the help page and store are now main menu items as well.
S	2018	The Trouble with Chairs — Science updated, added citation to Vallance et al on the risks of sitting versus smoking.
L	2018	The 3 Basic Types of Pain — New section: “Fast and slow pain: yet another way to categorize.”
M	2018	Pain & Injury Survival Tips — New section.
M	2018	Your Back Is Not Out of Alignment — Example added — New sub-section, “A perfect example of a structural problem,” based on a fascinating case study reported by Aota.
L	2018	Does Epsom Salt Work? — Major expansion — Added substantial coverage of the basics of magnesium and sulfate deficiency and supplementation. Speaking of deficiency, the absence of this information was a major oversight for many years. Despite it’s great size and thoroughness, this sub-topic was strangely missing, but that deficiency has now been largely addressed.
L	2018	14 Kinds of Bogus Citations — New section on cherry-picking and confirmation bias in evaluating studies. This article is now quite a comprehensive review of how citing can go wrong.
L	2018	Massage Therapy for Low Back Pain (So Low That It’s Not In the Back) — New section: “Confusion with cluneal nerve impingement.”
M	2018	Modality Empires — New section: “‘Success rates’ are meaningless.”
S	2018	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Editing, strength section — Just making the same points a bit more clearly.
L	2018	Poisoned by Massage — New section and sub-topic, “A reader’s rhabdo story (and the chilling possibility that some people are much more vulnerable than others).”
M	2018	Does Fascia Matter? — New sub-topic — Discussed the relevance of real pathology of connective tissue.
S	2018	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Editing, hypermobility section — Some minor clarifications and additions.
M	2018	6 Main Causes of Morning Back Pain — Significant science update: cited Steffens on back pain risk factors, a fascinating study that adds some important data to this article.
M	2018	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Example added — New sub-section, “A perfect example of a structural problem: cluneal nerve entrapment,” based on a fascinating case study reported by Aota.
M	2018	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — New info — Expanded the “Worst case scenario” discussion with an anecdote about the impact of chronicity: even mild pain is draining when it just won’t quit.
M	2018	Does Ultrasound or Shockwave Therapy Work? — Some science updates for shockwave therapy.
M	2018	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — Updated, inflammation and stress — Summary of Sapolsky’s explanation for why chronic stress is inflammatory, plus a nice new chart. Good stuff! Answers to questions I have had myself for a looong time.
S	2018	The Not-So-Humble Healer — Added an example of misguided “singular” explanations for chronic pain.
M	2018	Does Epsom Salt Work? — New section — This new section starts the process of re-focussing the article on Epsom salts bathing as a form of magnesium supplementation.
M	2018	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Expanded, dry needling chapter — Added quite a lot of information, especially about risks and harms and how needling supposedly works. This is now a fully-fledged topic summary.
S	2018	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Minor science update, steroid injections — Replaced a citation to an old, withdrawn review with a much more recent review (which reached the same conclusions).
M	2018	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — Science update, intro to risk factors — Important and interesting expansion of the section inspired by odd science news about the role of perfectionism.
L	2018	6 Main Causes of Morning Back Pain — New section: “Morning baths are almost miraculous for some kinds of morning back pain.”
M	2018	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Editing, crepitus (noise) section — A light re-write, de-emphasizing the dubious link to trigger points.
L	2018	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Major addition, ‘core’ strength section — Added a substantial new sub-topic: “What if it’s about the coordination, not strength/endurance?” And a minor but fun addition about the DCFs being the “psoas of the neck.” Added anatomy diagram.
L	2018	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New section, Desensitization and disinhibition.
L	2018	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New section, shockwave therapy — Predictably gloomy conclusions! But it’s now here for thoroughness.
M	2018	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Science update — Cited and analyzed Jewell et al with regards to the poor results from physical therapy overall, and massage specifically.
M	2018	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Improved — Significantly improved the answer to the question “How would functional freezing work?” by including sensitization.
M	2018	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Science update — A small but important update: cited Hollmann et al, who demonstrated in a small study that at least some people with frozen shoulder aren’t frozen when anaesthetized, strongly suggesting that at least some cases are not caused by capsular contracture. Cool and promising.
S	2018	The Insomnia Guide for Chronic Pain Patients — Added a footnote about the surprising prevalence and relevance of narcolepsy.
M	2018	Does Epsom Salt Work? — New sub-topic — Answered reader question about treating bloating, and added some information about the laughably low credibility of claims published by the Epsom Salt Council.
M	2018	14 Kinds of Bogus Citations — Tiny new section about non-obviously bogus citations: “What if a citation avoids all of these pitfall? It can still be bogus!”
L	2018	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Rewritten — I started over from scratch on the topic of “spasm.” What I’d written previously was much too simplistic. This chapter is now bigger and more interesting.
S	2018	Electromagnetic Sensitivity Absurdity — Added brief note about EMS-inspired lawsuits.
S	2018	Cold Laser Therapy Reviewed — Added footnote about new Nobel prizes for laser technology, and how it has already been exploited to sell cold laser therapy.
S	2018	Does Fascia Matter? — Minor clarification — Added some information about adhesions.
L	2018	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — New section, More invasive shockwaves! Tenex and percutaneous ultrasonic fasciotomy (plus Topaz)
M	2018	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Expanded, diagnosis section — Added discussion of plica syndrome.
S	2018	Voltaren Gel: Does It Work? — Added a brief anecdote about a personal success.
M	2018	Pain Relief from Personal Growth — New (short) section, “Pain management versus coping.”
S	2018	(Almost) Never Use Ice on Low Back Pain! — Added article summary.
S	2018	Quite a Stretch — Minor addition, flexibility section — Added an anecdote from the world of elite distance running, about Eliud Kipchoge’s inability to touch his toes.
M	2018	Strength Training Frequency — New canonical citation for the thesis of the article, the best evidence to date that “less is not less”: Schoenfeld et al.
S	2018	Science versus Experience in Musculoskeletal Medicine — Added minor point about how new positive evidence affects a record of negative evidence.
L	2018	Anxiety & Chronic Pain — New section, “If anxiety causes pain, does that mean the pain is ‘all in your head’”? (Of course not.)
M	2018	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Substantial editing, neuropathy sections — Merged content from the back and neck pain tutorials, resulting in major upgrades to two important sections in both books.
M	2018	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Substantial editing, neuropathy sections — Merged content from the back and neck pain tutorials, resulting in major upgrades to two important sections in both books.
M	2018	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Substantial editing, neuropathy sections — Merged content from the back and neck pain tutorials, resulting in major upgrades to two important sections in both books.
M	2018	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Substantial editing, neuropathy sections — Merged content from the back and neck pain tutorials, resulting in major upgrades to two important sections in both books.
L	2018	Toxins, Schmoxins! — Added much more information about real poisons and toxins, plus more specific debunking of some popular detox concepts (sweating it out, ionic foot baths, and Epsom salts).
L	2018	Cramps, Spasms, Tremors & Twitches — Major revisions and more to do on the topic of “spasm,” protective spasm, and pain-spasm-pain vicious cycling. Also, new sections about muscle relaxants and sedatives.
S	2018	Are Orthotics Worth It? — Added citation to meta-analysis of custom foot orthoses for the treatment of foot pain.
L	2018	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — New section, laser therapy.
M	2018	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — New section — Not an important new section, just some interesting extra colour.
M	2018	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — Expanded — Added an exercise strategy tip based on some expert opinion (Lagerman, Booth).
S	2018	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Science update — Added a citation, a negative review.
M	2018	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Science update — More thorough citing on the topic of dry needling efficacy … and that is probably the last in a year-long series of updates to this section over 2018. This chapter has been well and truly rebooted.
L	2018	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update, massage for back pain — Not just any science update, but a particularly important and intriguing flip-flop from the most important source in the field.
S	2018	Does Cartilage Regeneration Work? — Updated references to CARTICEL and Genyzme to MACI and Vericel, and a bunch of other miscellaneous minor improvements.
M	2018	Does Epsom Salt Work? — Major edit — Substantial, diverse editing of all sections about absorption.
L	2018	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — New section: “Claudication: the pain of impaired blood flow.”
S	2018	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Additions — More detailed summary of the troubles with meniscectomy.
L	2018	Sensitization in Chronic Pain — Started a transition to a stronger focus on treatment advice. Until now, the article has mainly been about raising awareness, without much tangible treatment advice (which is difficult). But I have begun the process of explaining the treatment options in several new sections.
L	2018	Does Epsom Salt Work? — New section — Comparing poisons and toxins and providing examples of pollutants and metabolic “wastes.” Important context!
L	2018	Does Epsom Salt Work? — New section.
M	2018	Why Drink Water After Massage? — Added an explanation of toxins versus poisons, better examples of toxins, clarifications about the various fates of metabolic products, and more detail about why sweating isn’t excretory/detoxifying.
M	2018	Strength Training for Pain & Injury Rehab — Added an important point about efficacy vs. effectiveness (see Beedie et al and several more examples of adverse effects of strength training.
S	2018	Therapy Babble — Added an xkcd comic, plus some other minor improvements.
L	2018	Strength Training for Pain & Injury Rehab — New section: “You can’t go wrong getting strong” … or can you? Some hazards of strength training.
S	2018	Extraordinary Health Claims — Article now leads with an anecdote. Some other miscellaneous minor cleanup, especially improved links to other resources.
S	2018	14 Kinds of Bogus Citations — Added two xkcd comics: “Dubious Study” and “New Study.” This article is now chock-a-block with comics! Probably more comics per square inch than any other page on PainScience.com.
M	2018	You Might Just Be Weird — Added os trignum syndrome; added syndactyly; plus some editing and reorganizing. This article is gradually evolving into something more than just a fun a cabinet of curiosities, as I continue to add clinically significant examples of anatomical variation.
L	2018	Pain & Injury Survival Tips — New section, “Be aware of sneaky causes of pain.”
L	2018	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — New section: “Syphilis.”
M	2018	Pain is Weird — Science update — Cited Stanton, an experiment demonstrating that VR-generated illusions can kill pain effectively, adding to the list of interesting but impractical examples of modifying pain with brain “hacks.”
M	2018	Mind Over Pain — Science update — Cited Stanton, an experiment demonstrating that VR-generated illusions can kill pain effectively, adding to the list of interesting but impractical examples of modifying pain with brain “hacks.”
L	2018	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New section, Stretching for frozen shoulder.
L	2018	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New section, Strengthening for frozen shoulder.
L	2018	Therapy Babble — Added a small new section about “science crankery.”
M	2018	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — More detail, relative rest section — Explained in detail how to choose foot-friendly exercises.
S	2018	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Addition, differential diagnosis section — Added Os trigonum syndrome, AKA “the nutcracker-phenomenon.”
S	2018	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Minor improvements — Discussed potential harms of strength training in a little more detail.
L	2018	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — New section: “Pain with literally no specific cause.”
L	2018	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — New section.
M	2018	Alternative Medicine’s Choice — Cited and commented on The Lancet’s excellent editorial calling for “a radical shift of life sciences funding priorities, away from the biomedical bubble.”
L	2018	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — Major reboot and expansion. This is now a much more comprehensive review of possible causes of pain. There’s more to do and suggestions and requests for additions are very welcome. I hope this will become one of the most useful articles on PainScience.com.
M	2018	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Science update — Analysis of more putative “mechanisms of inaction” as presented in three more papers, one ancient, two new (Melzack, Chou, Cagnie).
L	2018	Sports Injury Prevention Tips — Substantive science update, added a bunch about load management based on Soligard. Also merged another article about injury prevention into this one: “Collateral and Re-Injury Prevention” is now a major second part of this article.
M	2018	A Historical Perspective On Aches ‘n’ Pains — Revised to properly answer a reader question: “Why is there such ignorance in musculoskeletal medicine?” It was good cynical fun trying to explain.
M	2018	Stuck in My Throat — Probably the final status updates to the article. I’ve received several inquiries lately from people wanting to know how am doing with the globus these days. That question is now answered in the final section.
L	2018	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Complete book edit — Top-to-bottom edit of the book, the first ever. Described in more detail in a blog post.
L	2018	Does Posture Matter? — Revision — Widespread editing related to the distinction between poor postural and postural challenge or stress. The section dedicated to that difference was completely re-written, but many other changes were made, mostly to the first few sections where I define my terms. I’ve also corrected the systematic misuse of the term “strain” when I meant “stress” (a technical but important distinction).
M	2018	Your Back Is Not Out of Alignment — Science update — Added a key citation Lewis et al and elaborated a little on my recommendations.
M	2018	Your Back Is Not Out of Alignment — Science update — Beefed up the description of the alternative to structuralism, and added a new citation and a few old ones.
S	2018	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Minor update — Added the revelation that literally all of the very weak studies supporting DCF training are probably fraudulent.
M	2018	Voltaren Gel: Does It Work? — Added a small section about the safety of long-term regular use.
M	2018	The Not-So-Humble Healer — Added new appendix: “Exhibit B: ‘I’M PURE SCIENCE’”
M	2018	The Unstretchables — Significant revision of the introduction: the article now gets to the main point way faster, and a bunch of peripheral controversies about stretching are now left out, so they don’t freak readers out so much that they stop reading before getting to the main point. I have other articles for that.
L	2018	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — New section — A new standard chapter for most PainScience.com tutorials summarizing several key concepts about placebo.
L	2018	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — New section — A new standard chapter for most PainScience.com tutorials summarizing several key concepts about placebo.
L	2018	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — New section — A new standard chapter for most PainScience.com tutorials summarizing several key concepts about placebo.
L	2018	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — New section — A new standard chapter for most PainScience.com tutorials summarizing several key concepts about placebo.
L	2018	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — New section — A new standard chapter for most PainScience.com tutorials summarizing several key concepts about placebo.
L	2018	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New section — A new standard chapter for most PainScience.com tutorials summarizing several key concepts about placebo.
L	2018	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — New section — A new standard chapter for most PainScience.com tutorials summarizing several key concepts about placebo.
L	2018	The 3 Basic Types of Pain — New section: “Another way of categorizing pain: visceral and somatic.”
M	2018	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Science update, dry needling section — Added analysis of Couto, one of the more credible positive trials of dry needling available.
L	2018	Massage Therapy Side Effects — New section: “Impaired performance: the minor but educational example of pre-event sports massage.” Added and discussed “distraction from more appropriate care” to the introductory section. Updated the conclusion so it’s in sync with changes made in the last couple years.
L	2018	Guide to Repetitive Strain Injuries — Major revision to the inflammation discussion, based on new evidence that RSIs may be inflamed after all — just not a classic, acute immune response. This isn’t really a shock, but it sure is interesting, and many changes had to be made to accommodate just a single key new citation (Dakin). This is why my work will never be done!
L	2018	The 3 Basic Types of Pain — New section: “A key deep thought: nociception isn’t pain, and there are no ‘pain nerves,’ but muscles can still be sore.”
L	2018	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Important update — Added an important new sub-section about anticonvulsants.
S	2018	Studying the Pain Studies — Added tip about asking scientific paper authors for free full-text.
S	2018	Insomnia Until it Hurts — Added citation to Stubbs, a huge new study of poorer populations showing a strong link to between insomnia and pain.
L	2018	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — New section, “Training the deep cervical flexors”
M	2018	Massage Therapy Side Effects — Added article summary, and made numerous other miscellaneous improvements.
M	2018	Opioids for Chronic Aches & Pains — New section inspired by Comerci et al: “It’s getting harder to find doctors that will help with getting off opioids.”
M	2018	Anxiety & Chronic Pain — Revised and clarified medical causes of anxiety, plus several other minor edits.
S	2018	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — Science update — A small but good update giving some good scientific support to the rationale for reducing tibialis anterior loading. That was already recommended, but it’s on firmer foundations now.
M	2018	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — New sub-topic, strengthening section — Answered a frequently asked question much more thoroughly: Does using arch support make your arches weaker?
S	2018	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Addition, differential diagnosis section — Added L5/S1 radiculopathy.
M	2018	Studying the Pain Studies — Started a new section: “It’s a trap! Things to watch out for.” Just a couple items to start.
L	2018	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Major science update, obesity section — New key new citations and thorough analysis.
L	2018	14 Kinds of Bogus Citations — Big update today: added thorough discussion of the problem of predatory journals. Added three new bogus citation types: the non-cite, the junk cite, and the dump cite. Added a short section about citations to NASA studies.
M	2018	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Science update — Added some minor but interesting new points and citations about IT band anatomy.
S	2018	Should You Get A Lube Job for Your Arthritic Knee? — Added citation to the most recent review available, Jevsevar 2015.
L	2018	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Revised, ergonomics section — Substantial miscellaneous modernization. In particular, much more useful information on the critical distinction between “poor posture” and “postural stress.”
M	2018	Massage Therapy for Neck Pain, Chest Pain, Arm Pain, and Upper Back Pain — New small section, “The cult of scalenes.” Is the clinical importance of scalenes exaggerated?
M	2018	Does Acupuncture Work for Pain? — New section, “A fine example of acupuncture research that seems well-designed and positive … but is still bizarrely flawed.”
L	2018	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Upgraded — Added much more detail about the basics of neuropathy and revised everything else quite thoroughly. Expanded the discussion of implications of Jayson as promised last month.
M	2018	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Revised — The Quick Reference Guide hadn’t been updated for a loooong time, and I finally got to it. It could still use more modernization and careful synchronization with book content, but it is greatly improved. (Fun fact: this update also eliminated some of the final traces of branding for the old SaveYourself.ca domain name, three-and-a-half years after it was retired.)
L	2018	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — New section, symptoms — Although this book goes into great detail about diagnosis, strangely it was missing a simple thorough list of symptoms. A reader brought this to my attention, and I’ve corrected it. It’s a strange loose end to be tying up more than a decade into the project, but there you have it.
L	2018	Opioids for Chronic Aches & Pains — Important new section: “Addiction versus dependence.”
M	2018	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Science update — Added several references about the long term risks of joint popping, a paragraph about the short-term risks, and a citation about what causes joint popping.
M	2018	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Revision, spinal manipulation section — Clarified the important distinction between hazard and risk.
L	2018	A Deep Dive into Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness — New section about “That troublesome 2018 study that declared victory for massage therapy” (Dupuy et al).
L	2018	Strength Training for Pain & Injury Rehab — New section, “Can strength training prevent overuse injuries?”
S	2018	Does Acupuncture Work for Pain? — Covered the fresh PLoS ONE scandal over “one of the worst acupuncture studies I have ever seen.”
M	2018	Massage Therapy Side Effects — Added discussion of dizziness, vertigo, and Meniere’s disease.
S	2018	Microbreaking — Added a microbreaking reminder method.
L	2018	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — New section — More information about dry needling in its own chapter now, a neglected sub-topic; it has always been covered in the companion book about trigger points, but a good summary here in the neck pain book is long overdue.
M	2018	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Science update, dry needling section — A new sub-section about Llamas-Ramos et al, a study by dry needling proponents with surprisingly negative results (even if they didn’t see it that way). Plus a bunch of miscellaneous minor improvements.
M	2018	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Elaboration — Added more detailed and evidence-based exercise recommendations.
S	2018	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update, radiculopathy section — A science update … with quarter century old science about blood supply and radiculopathy (see Jayson). This is just a quick drop-in for now, but it’s fascinating, so I’ll be elaborating more in another update.
L	2018	The Role of Eccentric Contractions in Rehab — Two new sections, about titin and isometric contractions, and numerous other minor improvements.
M	2018	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Revision, microbreaking section — Substantial improvements, harmonizing with the ergonomics revision. Much stronger focus on the scientific case for microbreaking despite the lack of evidence that stagnacy is a problem in the first place. Added a practical tip, and a comic.
S	2018	Does Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection Work? — Science update, added new meta-analysis of PRP for muscle strain, Grassi et al.
S	2018	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Science update, platelet-rich plasma section — Added a highly relevant citation to Grassi et al.
S	2018	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Added new stretch, arch stretchg section — A reader suggested yoga’s ‘broken toe pose.’
L	2018	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New section, about Oolo-Austin Trigenics® Procedure (OAT)
M	2018	Does Hip Strengthening Work for IT Band Syndrome? — Additional improvements following the February reboot of this excerpt, tying up some loose ends, adding some colour and detail.
L	2018	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New section, about back mice (lipomas)
M	2018	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Improvements, hip strengthening section — Basically a continuation of the February reboot of this chapter, tying up some loose ends, adding some colour and detail.
S	2018	Diagnosing Runner’s Knee — Added a short section about causes, continuing to work on making the page more of a useful on-stop resource.
S	2018	Does Acupuncture Work for Pain? — Added two citations to the introduction to keep things fresh, and a good quote to the conclusion.
M	2018	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Improvements, dry needling section — Significantly expanded discussion of the rationale for needling with an interesting example and a helpful image.
L	2018	Why Do Muscles Feel Stiff and Tight? — Added results of a poll on how stiff people with hypermobility syndromes feel. Noted an exception to the rule that stiffness is uncomfortable. Added a brief, broad explanation of why stiffness correlates so poorly with ROM. Elaborated on examples of pathological causes of dystonia and put them in lists. Added a new example, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. Many other minor additions and edits for clarity.
M	2018	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Upgrade — Added much more detail about the crisis in orthopedic surgeries — very important context — and more detail to the descriptions of surgical options.
S	2018	When to Worry About Low Back Pain — Cited Premkumar et al on red flag reliability (which ain’t great).
M	2018	Voltaren Gel: Does It Work? — Science update. Added several citations substantiating what was previously presented only as a rational opinion: topical NSAIDs are a lot safer than oral NSAIDs.
M	2018	Opioids for Chronic Aches & Pains — Science update: updated rebooted referencing of studies comparing opioids to over-the-counter pain killers, most notably with Krebs et al.
M	2018	Why Do Muscles Feel Stiff and Tight? — Miscellaneous additions and improvements about inflammatory diseases, myotonia, dystonia induced by tranquilizer withdrawal, contracture, and frozen shoulder.
S	2018	Anxiety & Chronic Pain — Added sidebar debunking the over-hyped idea that “stress is your friend,” which came from a wildly popular TED talk.
M	2018	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Clarification — Added more thorough explanation of guidelines for “total” and “profound” rest.
L	2018	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — New section, the role of weight — Long overdue discussion of a minor sub-topic!
L	2018	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Major revision, introduction to care options — Phase 1 of a reboot of this part of the book. Today I’ve added much more detail to the intro, emphasizing good and bad reasons for seeking help.
S	2018	Does Ultrasound or Shockwave Therapy Work? — A couple minor science updates on shockwave therapy (one good news, one bad).
L	2018	Deep Friction Massage Therapy for Tendinitis — Two new sections exploring theoretical arguments against frictions.
M	2018	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Cleanup, preventing re-injury — No new science, but a bunch of clarifications and editorial improvements. It’s a clearer and more useful section.
M	2018	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — New tips, healing time section — Added two evidence-based tips to help estimate how long a strain takes to heal.
L	2018	Does Hip Strengthening Work for IT Band Syndrome? — Completely rebooted. This article is now a near-verbatim excerpt from the IT band syndrome book.
L	2018	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Major science update, hip strengthening chapter — After a long delay, I finally came back to the topic of hip weakness and just started over, reviewing the evidence from scratch. No change to the bottom line, but now more persuasive, thorough, and fully up-to-date.
L	2018	Why Do Muscles Feel Stiff and Tight? — New section about dystonia-powered stiffness, plus numerous other clarifications and improvements.
L	2018	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Major improvements — Extensive new material about the relationship between neuropathy and neck pain, focused on clues that neuropathy is a factor in a case of chronic neck pain.
S	2018	Anxiety & Chronic Pain — Science update, based on Carpenter et al on the efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy: “more effective treatments needed.”
M	2018	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Improvements, dry needling section — Miscellaneous clarifications and elaborations, especially about schools of thought and mechanisms of effect. How does dry needling supposedly work? It’s hard for proponents to answer that question directly.
M	2018	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — Expanded, anti-inflammatory nutrition — Added more detail on anti-inflammatory foods and dieting.
L	2018	Pain Relief from Personal Growth — New section: “Practical example #2: ditching toxic relationships.” Inspired by Wilson et al (spousal empathy, sympathy have an impact on chronic pain).
M	2018	Many Pages — I just turned on an interesting speed boost tech for PainScience.com: CloudFlare’s “Argo Smart Routing,” which is kind of like Waze for internet traffic: it finds the quickest route for the data delivery. This may actually make a significant difference for many of my international visitors.
S	2018	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Minor improvement — Added a footnote about the long-term risks of poor neck posture and text neck.
S	2018	Zapped! Does TENS work for pain? — Science update, cited Luedtke et al on transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).
L	2018	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — New section, on leg length differences.
M	2018	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — More information about other drugs with painful side effects.
S	2018	Quite a Stretch — Minor addition — “Endorphins” now have a sidebar.
M	2018	Quite a Stretch — Expanded — Added more the nature of soreness and stiffness, and the relevance of stretching (or lack thereof).
M	2018	Diagnosing Runner’s Knee — Added more basic information about ITBS and PFPS to the introduction, hopefully boosting the usefulness of the page.
L	2018	Why Do Muscles Feel Stiff and Tight? — Still more revision and re-organizing, with a number of helpful elaborations.
L	2018	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Re-write — I threw 90% of this section away and started over with a much stronger focus on the interesting question of whether or not “cervicogenic headache” is even a thing. It’s a like-new section, now with much more useful diagnostic clues.
L	2018	Sports Injury Prevention Tips — New tip, “Train in the Goldilocks Zone,” based on Drew. Several other improvements.
M	2018	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Miscellaneous improvements, nerve vulnerability section — Added much more information about endangerment sites, discussion of the potential relevance of neuritis, extensive clarifications and editing, and some footnotes.
S	2018	The Insomnia Guide for Chronic Pain Patients — Added point and citations about the effect of sleep deprivation on athletic performance and injury rates.
S	2018	Insomnia Until it Hurts — Added point and citations about the effect of sleep deprivation on athletic performance and injury rates.
L	2018	You’re Really Tight — Substantial revision. This article hadn’t been touched in a long time and it struck me as too simplistic and glib. It needs more work, but it’s a lot better today than it was yesterday.
L	2018	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New section, ultrasound — Very “negative”: there’s almost no hope that it works.
S	2018	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Science update — A couple new citations and details about steroid injections.
S	2018	Tennis Elbow Guide — Update on isometric contraction for pain control, citing Coombes et al.
M	2018	Is Running on Pavement Risky? — Added a substantive point to the arguments against running on hard surfaces, about the effect of surface springiness. Also, a nice citation about low rates of arthritis in marathoners (see Ponzio 2018.
L	2018	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Major new section — Well, new to the book anyway. It has been available as a free article for quite a while, and it will remain so indefinitely. Although this content is not exclusive to the book, it definitely does belong here.
L	2018	How to Treat Sciatic Nerve Pain — Rewrote the introduction to fine tune the definition of sciatica, and the diagnosis section based on a fascinating study, Konstantinou et al. Although there’s no major changes of position in this update, it is quite substantive: the article is definitely better for it.
S	2018	Does Acupuncture Work for Pain? — Added citation to Stenger et al on pneumothorax risk.
M	2018	Why Do Muscles Feel Stiff and Tight? — Thorough editing, numerous clarifications, some pruning and re-organizing. The article now focusses much more strongly on causes of the symptom of stiffness.
S	2018	Don’t Worry About Lifting Technique — Science update: cited Nolan et al on beliefs of physical therapists about lifting technique.
M	2018	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Science update — Added a few new citations about the efficacy of needling. Made some improvements to the information on risks added last month.
M	2018	Mind Over Pain — Science update — Cited Ruiz-Aranda, an experiment that showed that emotional coping skills improve pain tolerance.
S	2018	Water Fever and the Fear of Chronic Dehydration — Cited Vreeman on possible origins of the 8×8 rule.
S	2018	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Science update — Added sidebar, “What’s normal heel raise endurance?” based on Lunsford et al.
S	2018	Mobilize! — Science update, cited Kim on the effect of early mobilization on recovery from surgical repair of shoulder trauma.
M	2018	Does Fascia Matter? — New sub-topic — Added information about gentle and subtle forms of fascial therapy.
M	2018	Many Pages — Several significant improvements to bookmarking (for customers only). Dozens of hours of programming over many weeks to make it all happen … 30 seconds to announce it!
S	2018	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Minor science update — Added some references about the reliability of subluxation diagnosis.
S	2018	A Deep Dive into Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness — Very short new section about the modest potential of fish oil to help with DOMS.
M	2018	Zapped! Does TENS work for pain? — Minor new section: “TENS compared to nerve conduction testing.” Also added a citation to Vance.
L	2017	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — New section.
S	2017	Pseudo-Quackery in Physical Therapy — Cited Grant et al on the gradual improvements in the evidence-based for sports medicine.
S	2017	A Historical Perspective On Aches ‘n’ Pains — Cited Grant et al and Ramos et al on the state of evidence-based sports medicine.
M	2017	Placebo Power Hype — Science update: cited Locher et al, a major blow to claims that open-label (non-deceptive) placebos work.
M	2017	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Science update — Added more and better information about risks of dry needling.
S	2017	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Science update — Cited Chumbley et al on traction for neck pain in … fighter jet pilots!
L	2017	Anxiety & Chronic Pain — New section: “Does stress wreck us?”
S	2017	Pain is Weird — Science update — Cited Höfle et al on the effect of context on how much needles hurt, and Nilakantan et al on romantic analgesia.
S	2017	Pain is Weird — Science update — Cited Parr et al on the effect of the fear of pain on post-exercise muscle soreness.
S	2017	Mind Over Pain — Science update — Cited Höfle et al on the effect of context on how much needles hurt, and Nilakantan et al on romantic analgesia.
S	2017	Mind Over Pain — Science update — Cited Parr et al on the effect of the fear of pain on post-exercise muscle soreness.
S	2017	Quite a Stretch — Science update — Cited Blazevich et al on tolerance of calf stretching.
L	2017	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — New section.
L	2017	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New section.
M	2017	(Almost) Never Use Ice on Low Back Pain! — Edited. Just boring maintenance, but quite thorough, and necessary after the rewrite a few weeks ago.
S	2017	The Trouble with Chairs — Science update, cited Stamatakis et al, showing no clear link between sitting and diabetes.
M	2017	Does Epsom Salt Work? — New section — A short new section summing up the absorption topic, citing Gröber et al.
L	2017	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — New section, biomechanical overload syndrome.
L	2017	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Change of position, on diagnostic nerve blocks — After reviewing the same scientific papers previously cited more carefully, I decided that they were much less promising than I originally thought. The section has flip-flopped from optimism to pessimism about nerve blocks without a single change in what’s actually cited, just a change in the level of diligence in interpreting the science. I’ve also added more detail and references.
L	2017	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New section, needles for back pain.
L	2017	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Major upgrade, diagnostic nerve blocks — The section has been re-written and expanded significantly, with a key change in position. After reviewing the same scientific papers previously cited more carefully, I decided that they were much less promising than I originally thought. The section has flip-flopped from optimism to pessimism about nerve blocks without a single change in what’s actually cited, just a change in the level of diligence in interpreting the science.
S	2017	The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) — Science update: cited Hickey et al, a paper about shoulder dyskinesia with a unusually misleading title.
S	2017	Does Ultrasound or Shockwave Therapy Work? — Science update, cited Schandelmaier et al, an excellent (and completely negative) British Journal of Medicine review of LIPUS for acute fracture/osteotomy healing.
S	2017	Healing Time — Science update, cited Schandelmaier et al, an excellent (and completely negative) British Journal of Medicine review of LIPUS for acute fracture/osteotomy healing.
S	2017	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Science update — Cited and discussed Schandelmaier et al on low intensity pulse ultrasound for fracture/osteotomy healing.
M	2017	Does Fascia Matter? — Upgraded — Added information on the nature of and main claims made by several branded methods of fascial release.
M	2017	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Science update, stretching section — Brought some more science to this discussion, especially Sandler et al on a link between stretching and back pain, and Tunwattanapong et al with modestly good news. Plus a bunch of editing.
S	2017	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Improved — Beefed up information on over-the-counter medications.
S	2017	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Science update, stretching section — Cited and discussed the implications of Eng 2015, which purports to show that the IT band uses elastic energy to enhance running efficiency.
S	2017	Should You Get A Lube Job for Your Arthritic Knee? — Science update, cited Siemieniuk.
S	2017	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — Science update — Added minor citation to Cook et al on the neural consequences of exercise in CFS/ME patients.
S	2017	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — Science update — Added minor citations to Light et al on heritability of fibromyalgia.
S	2017	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Science update, surgery chapter — Cited Siemieniuk — the British Medical Journal strongly denouncing the common athroscopic surgeries.
S	2017	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Science update, nature of the beast — Cited and briefly discussed Riel et al’s 2017 suggestion that “plantar fasciitis” is a misleading name.
L	2017	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — New section, Hypermobility and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
S	2017	Your Back Is Not Out of Alignment — Science update, evidence review section — Cited Wallace et al: knee osteoarthritis prevalence doubled in the 20th Century independent of age and weight.
L	2017	Quite a Stretch — New section — Discussion of four ways that stretching may cause harm, especially for medically vulnerable people.
S	2017	Does Fascia Matter? — New summaries — Added two new summaries of recently added sections.
S	2017	Does Fascia Matter? — Edited, “release” section — A new introduction, clarified definition, and miscellaneous other minor improvements.
L	2017	Does Epsom Salt Work? — New section — Really fun new section based on Chandrasekaran et al. I laughed out loud repeatedly writing this one. Because what’s funnier than harvested human skin, amiright?
M	2017	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Expanded — Added some substance, mainly citing and discussing Ramos et al on the lack of evidence for common treatments. It’s still a short introduction to the second half to the book , but not as absurdly brief as it was.
S	2017	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Improvements — Added more information about swelling and muscle deformation.
M	2017	💩 Massage Therapists Say — Added a new load of shit, and started integrating examples from both Alice and Paul. If you’ve been here before, the new items are at the bottom, starting here.
L	2017	The Art of Bioenergetic Breathing — This is one of the oldest articles on PainScience.com, dating back to the early 2000s when I had quite different values and beliefs, long before I considered myself a “science journalist.” Today I gave it a thorough editing, so that the ideas and advice given are consistent with my publishing style and goals, and I wouldn’t be too embarrassed if, say, mentors in critical analysis were to read it. But that’s probably the last significant edit this will ever get — the topic is not a focus for me today, and the page is archived.
L	2017	Does Fascia Matter? — New section, about the origins and types of fascial therapy.
S	2017	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Science update — Added a substantive footnote explaining the relationship between ulcers, stress, and H. pylori infection as one of the best examples of a “stress-sensitive condition.”
S	2017	Trigger Point Doubts — More perspective (and citations) added to the discussion of the state of the evidence about trigger point treatment.
M	2017	When to Worry About Low Back Pain — Added a mobile-only article summary.
M	2017	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Upgraded, discussion of massage and nerve trauma — Added much more information about massage “endangerment sites,” discussion of the potential relevance of neuritis, extensive clarifications and editing.
L	2017	Does Massage Therapy Work? — Rewritten, trigger point section — I’ve changed my position from positive to unknown, “more study needed,” based on a thorough update and review of the science. I updated the evidence for massage for back pain at the same time, with similar results.
L	2017	Does Massage Therapy Work? — Rewritten, back pain section — I’ve changed my position from positive to unknown, “more study needed,” based on a thorough update and review of the science. I updated the evidence for trigger point massage at the same time, with similar results.
S	2017	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Science update — Finally added some basic information about “text neck” — mostly that it’s not actually a thing, and a good example of bogus information about neck pain.
M	2017	Anxiety & Chronic Pain — New section: “Consider quitting coffee.”
M	2017	Dupuytren’s Contracture — More detail and references about stretching. Miscellaneous editing.
M	2017	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update — An important follow-up on August’s major massage evidence update, I’ve now added a summary of the evidence for trigger point massage. Although the topic is not covered in detail here, much study went into making this summary possible.
M	2017	Massage Therapy for Low Back Pain (Again) — Miscellaneous improvements. Finally added a diagram!
L	2017	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Full science review, massage efficacy section — Another huge update, though mostly “under the hood” — I have now completed a comprehensive informal review of all the available science, about 16 papers. The section now includes a large table of papers with links to all the summaries. Most readers are not going to want/need to click on all those links and read them all, but their availability is important.
L	2017	(Almost) Never Use Ice on Low Back Pain! — Rewritten. I came close to just tossing this article in the digital trash, but decided it could be saved by a rewrite fairly easily. In a rare move towards brevity, it is now much shorter! The role of trigger points have been demoted to a minor subtopic (they were previously the focus of the article). Sensitization and the “mind game” in low back pain are now the focus.
M	2017	Does Epsom Salt Work? — New section — A new section based largely on the findings of Park et al.
M	2017	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — Science update — Added two key citations to Heffez 2004 and Heffez 2007 about the link between fibromyalgia and myelopathy: both fascinating, surprising, and important studies.
M	2017	Science versus Experience in Musculoskeletal Medicine — Merged in a couple older blog posts, added several references and footnotes, revised and re-framed et voila: this is now the official new “science versus experience” page for PainScience.com.
M	2017	Most Pain Treatments Damned With Faint Praise — Added a couple citations and an important technical point about false positives when “testing magic.”
S	2017	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Science update — Finally brought a little science to support the claim that trigger points complicate injury. More needed, but it’s a start.
M	2017	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Revision, the role of trigger points in neck pain — This section was aging poorly. Reviewing it recently, it seemed too much like I was defensively explaining a pet theory (and I suppose I was). So I’ve done some thorough revision to bring it up to my current standards: less overconfidence, more science.
L	2017	Does Fascia Matter? — New section — Analysis of Chapelle and Bove’s 2013 study of visceral massage in rats, concluding that it’s mildly interesting massage science, but not fascia science specifically, let alone clinically relevant fascia science.
S	2017	Does Fascia Matter? — Added image — Added an image of a “ghost heart” (fascial scaffolding), a good example of fascial ubiquity and genuine fascia science.
M	2017	The Pressure Question in Massage Therapy — Added a new section: “Horror stories: what’s the worst-case scenario from too much pressure?”
L	2017	💩 Massage Therapists Say — Added extensive new annotations and a new featured image.
S	2017	How Many Muscles Are In the Human Body? — Added a cartoon.
M	2017	Deep Friction Massage Therapy for Tendinitis — Three small new sections added to the discussion of how frictions allegedly work: compressive tendinopathy, placebo, and diffuse noxious inhibitory control. I also now clearly state that I have described the rationale for frictions, not endorsed it. Added a recommendation not to pay for frictions. There is a skeptical theme to today’s updates. 😉
S	2017	Why Do We Get Sick? — Added brief discussion of the role of the mind in pain.
M	2017	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Edited, strengthening as treatment section — Miscellaneous minor science updates; reduced confidence about the effect of trigger points on resistance training.
L	2017	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Rewritten, weakness section — Totally revised discussion of the effect of trigger points on strength; in particular, my old opinions are now clearly labelled as speculation, rather than presented as fact.
M	2017	Does Fascia Matter? — Science update — Extensive revisions inspired by new evidence from new (unethical) experiments on pigs: Bishop 2016 and Langevin 2017.
S	2017	Quite a Stretch — Science update — Added preliminary discussion of evidence on the prevention of muscle strains. (More to come on this topic.)
S	2017	Deep Friction Massage Therapy for Tendinitis — Cited Chaves on the prevalence of friction massage and inconsistent technique; a few minor related edits.
M	2017	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Science update, trigger point diagnostic reliability — A new citation, thorough discussion of Rathbone, and extensive related editing. The bottom line has been tweaked: I think the reliability evidence is encouragingly non-bad.
M	2017	Trigger Point Doubts — Science update — new citation for the diagnostic reliability question. I added a thorough discussion of Rathbone, and made tweaks to the bottom line:
L	2017	Is Diagnosis for Pain Problems Reliable? — New section: “Unreliable reliability science,” in which I dumb down reliability stats and their challenges.
M	2017	When to Worry About Neck Pain … and when not to! — New section: “Signs of arthritis are not red flags.”
M	2017	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Upgraded, tool massage section — Added some more detailed safety advice and discussion of vibrating massage tools. Removed and de-emphasized a couple tools. Better images. Thorough editing the whole section.
S	2017	Pain & Injury Survival Tips — Added bonus tip — Muscle clenching has been shown to reduce pain sensitivity (Smith et al) — a good additional reason to challenge muscles.
M	2017	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — New tip — Added a weird bonus strengthening tip based on Smith et al, which showed that clenching leg muscles reduced pain everywhere in patients with chronic neck pain.
S	2017	Does Fascia Matter? — Minor update — Added another good example of “fascia babbling.”
M	2017	Many Pages — Sitewide accessibility upgrade: all 600+ pull quotes on PainScience.com are now hidden from screen readers (using the “aria-hidden” attribute), and also when Javascript/CSS is disabled. This has been a minor annoyance to me and a small but important minority of readers for many years, and I’m delighted to have finally gotten around to fixing it.
S	2017	Pain & Injury Survival Tips — Science update — Cited another new review (Nugent), more focused on pain, that tempered my enthusiasm a bit. The tip stands, but not as tall.
S	2017	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — Science udpate — Cited evidence that statin myalgia could be bogus, not actually a real problem.
M	2017	The Trouble with Chairs — Major upgrade to my debunking of “sitting is the new smoking,” based on a beefier “paralysis perspective,” and on new evidence from Diaz.
M	2017	Anxiety & Chronic Pain — New section: “Fighting, flighting, tending, and befriending.” And significant revision of another: “Anxiety has a biological signature (and it’s sneaky).”
S	2017	Your Back Is Not Out of Alignment — Science update — Cited evidence that leg length differences cannot be reliably diagnosed.
S	2017	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Science update. — Cited and discussed evidence that statin myalgia could be a nocebo—that is, not actually a real problem.
S	2017	14 Kinds of Bogus Citations — Added a brief acknowledgement of my own fallibility in the citation department.
M	2017	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Science upgrade — More evidence on how much (or little) pain is caused by cervical disc herniations, plus other miscellaneous citations and clarifications. Removed the claim that herniations actually decrease with age — the reference for that was no longer persuasive.
S	2017	(Almost) Never Use Ice on Low Back Pain! — Editing and modernization, mainly modernizing my explanation for the role of trigger points in back pain.
L	2017	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Major upgrade — Extensive new analysis of the scientific evidence of efficacy for massaging trigger points (mostly inconclusive). But I provide much more detail now, fully reviewing several noteworthy studies, and there’s more to come. The section has roughly quadrupled in length.
L	2017	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Major update — Rewritten and updated. I revisited all the evidence on massage for back pain, especially integrating Furlan et al (a major 2015 meta-analysis on this topic). The bottom line is now that the science is inconclusive and discouraging instead of optimistic. Sorry, everyone.
M	2017	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — New sub-topic — Added discussion of PACE and graded exercise therapy to the exercise section.
M	2017	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — New sub-topic — Added repressed emotions.
L	2017	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — New section, The fatigue connection, CFS vs ME.
L	2017	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — New section — A review of other kinds of problems with the plantar fascia and how some might be related to and confused with plantar fasciitis.
S	2017	Tissue Provocation Therapies in Musculoskeletal Medicine — Added a great visual example of Woolf’s law at work on the arm bones of tennis players (Haapasalo).
M	2017	Vitamin D for Pain — Significant removal of obsolete content, plus revision and updating of dosing and safety information.
M	2017	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Revision — Added an example of SMT injury and a footnote about fearmongering, and then found myself editing the whole section.
S	2017	Strength Training Frequency — Science update based a nice bit of good news about weight lifting reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome (Bakker et al).
S	2017	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — Science update, treatment — Science update based on a nice bit of good news about weight lifting reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome (Bakker et al).
M	2017	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — New section — An odd new section about trigger points in animals, with some interesting tangents and perspective.
M	2017	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New section, posture.
L	2017	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Major science update, arch stretching — The section now takes a much more detailed look at the only relevant science.
M	2017	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Science update, night splints — Night splints now have their own section, along with some more detail and science updates.
L	2017	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Rewrite, calf stretching section — Complete citation reboot and much more thorough critical analysis of calf stretching science.
L	2017	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Rewrite, stretching intro — Complete revision of the introduction to stretching.
S	2017	The Unstretchables — Science update — added citations relevant to IT band stretching.
L	2017	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — New section, Stress and fibromyalgia.
M	2017	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — New sub-topic — Added adrenal fatigue.
L	2017	A Deep Dive into Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness — New sections dedicated to inflammation and the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatories on healing. Elaborated on the bizarre findings of Deyhle et al and integrated evidence from a major new review (Morelli et al). Some re-organization of the article for clarity.
L	2017	A Deep Dive into Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness — Major science update about a series of Japanese rat studies that suggest DOMS is basically “neurological growing pains,” summarized by Mizumura et al It’s a fascinating potential solution to the DOMS mystery.
M	2017	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Science update, stretching section — Added important discussion of the implications of Willett et al.
M	2017	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Upgraded, tightness discussion — Made a few changes and added a few new paragraphs exploring the implications of Willett et al.
M	2017	Is Running on Pavement Risky? — Science update: changed the description of the nature of chronic exertional compartment syndrome based on Franklyn-Miller et al (because it may be mis-named), and added a citation to Lenhart et al regarding the function of the gluteus medius and minimus.
M	2017	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Minor update — Widespread minor improvements to complete the integration of central sensitization into the book. The neck pain book is now fully sensitive about sensitization!
S	2017	Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements for Pain & Healing — Added a small but important public service announcement about supplement contamination, based on Rao et al.
S	2017	Homeopathy Schmomeopathy — Added reference about contamination of homeopathic products.
S	2017	Does Arnica Gel Work for Pain? — Added reference about contamination of homeopathic products.
M	2017	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Improved — Improvements to the discussion of cervical myodural bridges.
L	2017	Massage Therapy for Tension Headaches — Added new section, “Do you have a trigger point under your skull? Or is that just a cervical myodural bridge?” Added more detail about stretching. Plus several other minor improvements.
S	2017	Does Acupuncture Work for Pain? — Added citation to Vickers et al, with skeptical analysis.
M	2017	Quite a Stretch — Science update, muscle pain section — Cited and discussed implications of anti-inflammatory effect reported by Berrueta et al.
M	2017	Quite a Stretch — Revised, preventing soreness section — A heavy edit for clarity and brevity.
L	2017	The 3 Basic Types of Pain — New section — “Appendix: Neuropathic versus nociceptive pain.”
S	2017	14 Kinds of Bogus Citations — Added two citations substantiating the prevalence of predatory/fraudulent journals.
M	2017	Cramps, Spasms, Tremors & Twitches — Added discussion of tetany. Expanded on personal experience with fasciculations. Several clarifications and minor corrections.
M	2017	Guide to Repetitive Strain Injuries — Cited new evidence on the limited benefits of steroid injections for rotator cuff tendinopathy (Mohamadi) — an interesting contrast with the effects of steroids on frozen shoulder. Also cited new evidence that shoulder decompression does not work for supraspinatus tendinopathy (Ketola et al)—a really great example of the problem with looking at RSIs mechanistically.
S	2017	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Science update — Cited new evidence on the limited benefits of steroid injections for rotator cuff tendinopathy (Mohamadi) — an interesting contrast with the effects of steroids on frozen shoulder.
S	2017	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Science update — Added brief discussion of an interesting theory about the effect of stretching on inflammation in connective tissue.
L	2017	Is Running on Pavement Risky? — New section: “Impact reduction take-home points.”
S	2017	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Minor addition, introduction — Added an excellent recent example of awful back pain information.
L	2017	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New section — Important revisions and a new section based on important new evidence (Wong et al) that frozen shoulder is not a self-limiting condition as everyone has assumed for decades.
L	2017	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — New section.
S	2017	Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements for Pain & Healing — Added a citation about the effect of caffeine on performance.
S	2017	Pseudo-Quackery in Physical Therapy — Added citations to and quotes from Zusman 2011.
S	2017	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Minor update — Integrated discussion of central sensitization, reframing the “confidence cure” as treatment for central sensitization.
S	2017	Anxiety & Chronic Pain — Added an sidebar about the absence of anxiety in aphasia patients — not useful, but fascinating.
S	2017	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Science update, trigger points intro — Light editing, plus a new paragraph and citation to Morikawa et al, an odd little study showing that neck massage is relaxing, or possibly more.
S	2017	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — Science update, metabolic syndrome — Added interesting citation to Hussain et al, showing evidence of the metabolic/inflammatory roots of back pain.
S	2017	The Dubious Science of Kinesiology Tape — Added footnote about a class action lawsuit of taping claims.
M	2017	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — Science update — Added interesting citation to Bäckryd et al, the first evidence of extensive inflammation in fibromyalgia patients.
L	2017	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — New sub-topic — Inflammation as a driver of sensitization, based on new evidence of an “extensive inflammatory profile” in fibromyalgia patients (Bäckryd).
L	2017	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — New section — A much more thorough discussion of vibrating massage tools.
M	2017	Tissue Provocation Therapies in Musculoskeletal Medicine — An especially neat science update about changes in intervertebral discs in runners (Belavý).
M	2017	Is Running on Pavement Risky? — New section on intervertebral disc adaptation to running as indirect evidence that running on pavement may be risky, based on Belavý et al.
S	2017	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Edited, medications section — Several minor miscellaneous clarifications and elaborations, and some additional references.
M	2017	Is Running on Pavement Risky? — Added a footnote about the importance of psychological factors in rehab (such as not being scared of the surface you run on). Added beefy footnotes about springing and muscle tuning: two biomechanical shock absorption tactics in human biology.
S	2017	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Clarification, breathing section — Made it much clearer that changes in blood acidity with respiratory alkalosis are minor and transient. Miscellaneous minor edits.
M	2017	The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) — Added a couple quotes, citations to two new reviews, and some clarifications about the role of SFMA versus FMS.
S	2017	Your Back Is Not Out of Alignment — Science update, evidence review section — Quoted and cited Tumminello et al on “the corrective exercise trap,” a topic closely related to structuralism.
S	2017	6 Main Causes of Morning Back Pain — Added a mostly amusing footnote about natural sleeping postures or “paleo sleeping” (but worthwhile for perspective).
S	2017	Many Pages — Cited recent BMJ meta-analysis of NSAIDs and heart attack risk (Bally et al) in many places around PainScience.com where pain-killers are summarized.
S	2017	Many Pages — Usability upgrade to the way footnotes and other popups (overlays) are displays: better on small screens, better large popups, and clearer close buttons.
M	2017	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Revision — Clarifications about the value of treating inflammation in principle.
M	2017	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Science update, steroid injections — Significant science upgrade based on McAlindon et al.
S	2017	The Power of Barking: Correlation, causation, and how we decide what treatments work — Added a paragraph that, I hope, summed up a couple key effectively.
M	2017	Don’t Worry About Lifting Technique — Many improvements; no important changes in position, just a bunch more detail and references. Clarified the scope of the article, and linked prominently to Greg Lehman’s more thorough and technical review of both sides of the spinal flexion debate. Added video of a strongman stone lift showing extreme stoop lifting. Added evidence that there’s surprisingly little difference in forces on the spine in stoop vs squat lifting. Added the idea that most good lifting technique is simple and intuitive and cannot be improved by teaching. Revised the powerlifting section in a way that I hope powerlifters will think is more acceptable, but doubled down on the most contentious point: I think the evidence is clear that it is impossible to avoid, and I added citations to shore that up.
S	2017	Your Back Is Not Out of Alignment — Science update, evidence review section — Cited evidence of poor correlation between hip pain and radiographic signs of arthritis (Kim et al).
S	2017	Massage Therapy for Bruxism, Jaw Clenching, and TMJ Syndrome — Added citation to Webb et al regarding massage efficacy.
S	2017	Massage Therapy for Back Pain, Hip Pain, and Sciatica — Science update — Cited evidence of poor correlation between hip pain and radiographic signs of arthritis (Kim et al).
S	2017	Does Massage Therapy Work? — Science update, massage efficacy — Added citation to Webb et al, plus related edits.
S	2017	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Science update, trigger point therapy — Added citation to Webb et al, plus related edits.
L	2017	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — New section, Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for fibromyalgia.
S	2017	Spinal Fracture Bracing and Fixation — Added citation to Avilés about the similarity of outcomes from surgery versus conservative therapy for burst fractures.
L	2017	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — New section, Exercise for fibromyalgia, with some evidence-inspired tips.
L	2017	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New section.
M	2017	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Improvements — Added more movement recommendations.
L	2017	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New section.
M	2017	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Revised, section on nerve blocks etc. — Thoroughly revised section and, unfortunately, a reversal from optimism to pessimism about the efficacy of nerve blocks.
S	2017	Does Posture Matter? — Science update — Added citation to good evidence of embodied psychological changes caused by non-verbal expansiveness.
M	2017	Are Orthotics Worth It? — Added a section about spring-loaded shoes (not as lame as it sounds).
S	2017	Does barefoot running prevent injuries? — Science update: upgraded a couple citations about the injury-preventing powers of shoes (or lack thereof).
L	2017	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Rewrite — Like-new section with many new concepts, citations, and recommendations related to impact.
M	2017	When to Worry About Neck Pain … and when not to! — Added important red flag information about artery tears with pain as the only symptom.
S	2017	What Happened To My Barber? — Added information about artery tears with pain as the only symptom.
L	2017	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Rewritten — Thorough revision with many updated citations, focusing mainly on orthotics efficacy.
M	2017	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Expanded — Added important red flag information about artery tears with pain as the only symptom.
M	2017	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Expanded — Added important red flag information about artery tears with pain as the only symptom.
M	2017	Are Orthotics Worth It? — Added a section about orthotics and low back pain.
M	2017	Are Orthotics Worth It? — Science update: cited Junior 2016 regarding the lack of link between running injuries and biomechanical asymmetries, and Richter 2011 on efficacy of orthotics for lower limb injuries.
M	2017	Does barefoot running prevent injuries? — Minor update: editing and clarification of the introduction; added a citation strengthening the case against barefoot running.
S	2017	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Minor update — Added discussion of orthotics to treat leg length differences for back pain.
L	2017	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New section — An important and interesting acknowledgement that mechanical causes of back pain do exist.
M	2017	Icing for Injuries, Tendinitis, and Inflammation — Rewrote “What ice is not for (back pain, usually)” for clarity and thoroughness.
M	2017	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New subsection — Added content inspired by decades-old evidence of reduced spinal degeneration in “primitive” cultures where squatting is common. Some light editing of everything else in the chapter.
M	2017	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update — Added a small but key new point and citation about genetic factors in degeneration; and an important new citation about the disconnect between imaging results and pain.
S	2017	Many Pages — After years of using both “tendinitis” and “tendonitis” at random, I’ve finally implemented a firm editorial policy for this tricky term: all 560 usages on PainScience.com have been changed to the more correct one — tendinitis — and I’ve attached an explanatory footnote to the first usage in a couple dozen articles.
M	2017	Icing for Injuries, Tendinitis, and Inflammation — Upgraded rebuttal to the argument that icing impedes healing.
S	2017	The Trouble with Chairs — Added a significant footnote about the (unclear) relationship between habitual squatters and back pain.
L	2017	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — Like new — Rewrote discussion of shoes, surfaces, impact, etc. Several new references; recommendations haven’t changed much, but the explanation for them is greatly improved.
M	2017	Ice versus Heat for Pain and Injury — Added several clarifications and footnotes, especially about heating for muscle stiffness and pain.
L	2017	Organ Health Does Not Depend on Spinal Nerves! — Important update about autonomic dysregulation of organs after spinal trauma.
M	2017	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update — Discussed important new review of SMT for acute low back pain. Significant revision of the section.
M	2017	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Upgrade — Shoes now have a section to themselves (orthotics discussed separately), and I made several improvements at the same time, mostly about spring-based shoes as a generic concept.
L	2017	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Major upgrade — Much more detail and modernized references. The entire section is now dedicated to orthotics (and shoes have their own section, also upgraded).
S	2017	Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements for Pain & Healing — Added a footnote about the (lack) of evidence concerning the long term effects ogf caffeine on pain.
L	2017	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Rewritten — Six years after the last re-write, another major renovation of the topic of hard-surface running and shock absorption: new ideas and advice spelled out and supported much more thoroughly.
S	2017	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Minor update — Added an analogy, an example, a useful link, and generally modernized the section.
M	2017	Cramps, Spasms, Tremors & Twitches — Added a note about chronic dehydration; some speculation about why unwanted contraction is common but usually harmless; clarification of the spasm myth, and more about what does cause sharp back pains. Miscellaneous other changes.
M	2017	Cramps, Spasms, Tremors & Twitches — New section: “Reassurances: twitching and tremors almost never indicate a serious problem.” Also added some more detail about my own strange example of myokymia.
S	2017	Does Epsom Salt Work? — Added depth — Expanded on discussion of inhalation as a vector for salt magnesium absorption.
M	2017	Are Orthotics Worth It? — Miscellaneous improvements to the section about special/technical running and walking shoes.
S	2017	Does Epsom Salt Work? — Minor correction — Correction about the size of water molecules, and some clarification about how skin waterproofing works thanks to some interesting science.
M	2017	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Revision — Modernization and expansion; added more information about surgical options in particular.
L	2017	How to Treat Sciatic Nerve Pain — New section: “Disc herniations are much less of a problem than most people think.”
S	2017	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update — Strong new reference to Andrade et al fully supports the main message of the section.
M	2017	Anxiety & Chronic Pain — Added another important example of a possible medical cause of anxiety (positional cervical cord compression).
M	2017	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update — Newer, better, evidence-based good news about disc herniation resorption.
L	2017	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — New section — Tips and a checklist for trying to estimate how much your neck pain might be about sensitization.
S	2017	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Minor upgrade — Added evidence from a new dissection study and edited the whole section for currency and clarity. Time flies: it’s been a long time since I last looked at this topic!
M	2017	Get in the Pool for Pain — Science updated. Added a couple key citations about the efficacy of aquatic therapy, and spelling out the case for it a bit more.
M	2017	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update — Updated references for debunking of TENS for back pain. Added ultrasound to the section.
L	2017	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — Expanded — Added more and better descriptions of relevant medical specialities.
L	2017	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — New sub-topics — Added small-fibre neuropathies and positional cervical cord compression.
M	2017	Does Ultrasound or Shockwave Therapy Work? — Added a brief acknowledgement of the surprisingly positive evidence for shockwave therapy for plantar fasciitis, plus a bunch of miscellaneous editing.
L	2017	Does Fascia Matter? — New section — In which I finally explore one of the most interesting findings in fascia science.
M	2017	Is Running on Pavement Risky? — Lots of new information about impact forces on different surfaces, mostly based on Fu et al. This is the sixth substantial update so far in 2017. Phew: what a rabbit hole!
S	2017	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Minor improvement — Added a proper summary of Roffey et al, and a relevant personal footnote.
M	2017	Poisoned by Massage — Miscellaneous minor editing, and a new section, “No, PMSM is not caused by a Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction.”
M	2017	Vitamin D for Pain — New section: “Does Vitamin D prevent colds/flu?” Not really, no, contrary to recent headlines.
S	2017	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Correction — An evidence-based correction regarding computer display position.
M	2017	Massage Therapy Side Effects — Added emboli (blood clots stuck in vessels) with three case studies.
L	2017	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Big upgrade — Continued to beef up the science of psychological risk factors, and also added much more about other kinds of risk factors. The section almost doubled in size.
S	2017	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Science update — Two key new citations to support the idea that the state of muscle tissue is a big factor in neck pain.
S	2017	Digital Motion X-Ray: A Dangerous Illusion of Diagnostic Power — Added a couple key points based on references, both comparing DMX to MRI.
S	2017	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Science update — A paragraph about genetic vulnerability to persistent neuropathic pain.
S	2017	Sensitization in Chronic Pain — Several minor clarifications and a new footnote about peripheral sensitization.
S	2017	Does Fascia Matter? — Science update — Cited an unusually on-point study of fascial thickness and stiffness in patients with and without compartment syndrome.
M	2017	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Improved — Added some history, which is nice new context for this topic.
M	2017	Is Running on Pavement Risky? — Many miscellaneous improvements. I’ve now mostly completed the process of eliminating the assumption that pavement is risky from the old second half of the article.
M	2017	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — Improvements — Added an introduction (“everything causes everything”!), and items about B12 deficiency and celiac disease.
S	2017	14 Kinds of Bogus Citations — Added a paragraph about the existence and purpose of the junk journal industry.
M	2017	The Insomnia Guide for Chronic Pain Patients — New section, “‘Get lots of exercise’ is not an insomnia treatment for everyone.”
S	2017	Insomnia Until it Hurts — Science update, added a citation about the relationship between sleep quality and metabolic syndrome (which has implications for chronic inflammation and pain).
M	2017	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — Improvements, inflammation and stress — Revision and upgrades to the link between stress and inflammation: more citations, more ideas, more clarity. Added a citation about the link between metabolic syndrome and sleep disturbance (as a proxy for stress).
M	2017	How to Treat Sciatic Nerve Pain — Exercise and surgery updates related to two valuable new citations, both from Fernandez et al. Improved the mobilizations section especially.
L	2017	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — New section — Substantial new section about sensitization, an important perspective on chronic neck pain.
S	2017	Is Running on Pavement Risky? — Widened and deepened the discussion of the science of impact and injury. Added citations about stress fractures and grass versus concrete hardness.
M	2017	Anxiety & Chronic Pain — New section: “Change your environment (a.k.a. get away from assholes).” Added a fascinating citation to the cognitive behavioural therapy section.
M	2017	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — Added detail — Added more detail about positional cervical cord compression.
M	2017	When to Worry About Low Back Pain — Substantially beefed up and modernized the introduction footnotes.
S	2017	Modality Empires — Added an excellent expert quote.
S	2017	Sports Injury Prevention Tips — Minor science update, a couple citation drop-ins for the introduction.
S	2017	Psoas, So What? — Added a citation that strongly emphasizes that psoas is not critical to core stability.
M	2017	The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) — Science update based on the first systematic review of studies of the predictive validity of FMS.
M	2017	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Addition — Added a profound and very cool example of abnormal anatomy that confounds diagnosis of hard lumps in tissue.
S	2017	Cramps, Spasms, Tremors & Twitches — Miscellaneous editing and minor improvements. Added new section “The myth of painful spasms.”
S	2017	Get in the Pool for Pain — Added a footnote with some tips about how to cope with getting chilly in pools.
S	2017	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Science update — Solid little science update based on Nakashima et al, showing huge numbers of intervertebral disc bulges in healthy people.
M	2017	Is Running on Pavement Risky? — Polishing of the arguments for and against road running. Added much more information about the science of the relationship between injury and impact forces.
S	2017	Does Posture Matter? — Science update — Added a paragraph about the lack of association between a hunched upper back and shoulder or back pain, with a couple good citations.
M	2017	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — New section — An important tip I should have written about long ago, finally added.
M	2017	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Elaborated — Significantly beefed up discussion of other causes of headaches.
M	2017	Massage Therapy for Low Back Pain — Added a lot of substance to the anatomy and function section, supported by several new references.
M	2017	Vitamin D for Pain — Safety update. Sterner and more detailed warnings about the risks of tanning beds, and the dilemma they present to chronic pain patients.
M	2017	Placebo Power Hype — New section: “Are animals are immune to placebo? Of course not.”
S	2017	How Many Muscles Are In the Human Body? — Added a “fun fact” about the pupillary muscles.
S	2017	Do You Believe in Qi? — Added three new citations, minor editing.
M	2017	When To Worry About Shortness of Breath … and When Not To — Thorough editing of the introduction, upgraded sources, various minor corrections, and a new section about the qualities of dyspnea.
S	2017	Pain & Injury Survival Tips — Abridged — Made the summary more concise, now that there is a featured article for aquatic therapy.
S	2017	Ugly Bags of Mostly Water — Added a small paragraph about the therapeutic significance of our watery nature.
S	2017	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — Added a table of contents. A few minor edits.
M	2017	A Rational Guide to Fibromyalgia — Substantive editing.
S	2017	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Correction — Small but important correction about the value of opioids in severe cases that resemble fibromyalgia.
S	2017	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Minor improvements — Clarified several points and added a link to a new PainScience.com article dedicated to fibromyalgia.
S	2017	Is Diagnosis for Pain Problems Reliable? — Science update: added a reference to Herzog et al’s remarkable MRI reliability results. The list of good examples unreliable diagnosis is now up to ten.
L	2017	When to Worry About Neck Pain … and when not to! — Several good red flag clarifications and a couple interesting new references about spinal cord compression. Also added three new sections: “Necks just hurt sometimes,” “Sharp, stabbing, and shooting neck pains are usually false alarms,” and “Is a stiff neck serious?” Miscellaneous editing.
M	2017	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update — Added discussion of a remarkable example of poor MRI reliability.
L	2017	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New section — A substantial and interesting reader-submitted case study plus a little commentary.
M	2017	Is Running on Pavement Risky? — More introduction polish and much more thorough rebuttals the arguments against the riskiness of running on pavement.
M	2017	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Upgraded — Several good red flag clarifications and a couple interesting new references about spinal cord compression.
L	2017	Vitamin D for Pain — Major udpate. Four new short practical sections about how to get more vitamin D: food sources, supplementation tips, sunshine versus supplementing, and all about tanning beds.
L	2017	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Major science update — I have reversed my position on vastus medialis isolation on the basis of new evidence.
M	2017	Pain & Injury Survival Tips — New section — Marijuana finally makes it to the tips page! Overdue, but the evidence is good enough now.
L	2017	Cramps, Spasms, Tremors & Twitches — Major upgrade. Tripled the length of the article, an upgrade from a sketchy stub to a proper featured article, and now an official and worthy part of the PainScience.com library. Still plenty of sub-topics to come though!
M	2017	Anxiety & Chronic Pain — A significant infusion of the science of cognitive behavioural therapy, with several related clarifications and elaborations.
S	2017	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Minor addition — Added a fun example of mistaken lump identity, and clarified warnings about how easily this can happen.
M	2017	Is Running on Pavement Risky? — Another wave of revisions: the scientific uncertainties now permeate the whole intro; all the arguments against “running pavement is risky” are now much more thorough; title is now a question: “Is Running on Pavement Risky?”
S	2017	Poisoned by Massage — Added a sidebar about how many PMSM stories I’ve been receiving from readers.
M	2017	The Insomnia Guide for Chronic Pain Patients — New section about delayed sleep phase syndrome.
S	2017	Tissue Provocation Therapies in Musculoskeletal Medicine — Science update. Cited a new review of all relevant research so far (Cheatham et al). Also clarified the example of eccentric loading.
S	2017	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Science update — Cited a useful new review of studies of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) — scraping massage — plus some general cleanup and clarifications about IASTM.
S	2017	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Minor maintenance — Some modernization, cleanup, and especially another “symptom checker” option.
S	2017	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Science update — Arcane but neat “bonus elaboration on the thalamic-convergence theory.”
L	2017	How to Treat Sciatic Nerve Pain — Threw out the stale, simple old section about posture and ergonomics and wrote a completely new one.
S	2017	The 3 Basic Types of Pain — Added an important point to the definition of neuropathy: it tends to be more chronic.
M	2017	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Science update — Added a very interesting good-news reference that actually provides some decent support for massaging strains.
S	2017	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Minor addition — Added peroneus longus to the list of muscles to massage, because of evidence that it contributes to IT band tension.
M	2017	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — New topic — A much more encouraging new conclusion to this section, endorsing simple massage for a simple reason.
M	2017	Pain & Injury Survival Tips — Removal — Got rid of advice to buy fancy “ergonomic” chairs. I no longer believe it’s good advice, because back pain is not linked to sitting too much.
S	2017	6 Main Causes of Morning Back Pain — Added footnote about the lack of a link between back pain and sitting too much.
L	2017	Microbreaking — Major revision based on a much more clearly spelled out and evidence-based rationale for microbreaking that does not depend on sitting as a risk factor for back pain.
L	2017	The Trouble with Chairs — Major correction — New section explains my new position, which is the opposite of my old position: “Sitting a lot is not — repeat, not — a risk factor for low back pain.” Read more about the mistake.
L	2017	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Major correction — An evidence-based reversal of position and advice about sitting and back pain, correcting a long-standing error: my long-term assumption that too much sitting is a risk factor for back pain was never defensible.
S	2017	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — General improvement — Purged some defunct resources, added a couple new ones, and made several corrections (broken links etc).
S	2016	Zapped! Does TENS work for pain? — Added a note about the potential of vagus nerve stimulation to control inflammation.
S	2016	Does Massage Therapy Work? — Minor addition — Added a footnote linking to an interesting article about the neurology of touch as a major mechanism of massage.
M	2016	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Science update — Significant revision and some important new citations more firmly establishing the link between psychological and lifestyle factors and poor recovery from neck pain. Previously this section relied too much on similar evidence about other problems: it is now more neck-centric.
S	2016	Strength Training Frequency — Cited Arruda et al, an important criticism of Schoenfeld et al. Thanks to Tobias S. for pointing it out.
M	2016	Microbreaking — A variety of minor revisions, clarifications, and modernizations throughout the article.
M	2016	Is Running on Pavement Risky? — New section, “Citation badly needed! Are roads really risky?” This now introduces the uncertainties on this topic more thoroughly, with some relevant links and citations.
M	2016	Is Running on Pavement Risky? — The premise of this article needs questioning. I’ve added a prominent, important caution to the introduction about the lack of evidence that any running surface is actually risky. I also removed and changed some a few particularly overconfident statements about injury risk. Major revisions forthcoming.
S	2016	Does Acupuncture Work for Pain? — Science updated — added citation to the NICE guidelines for low back pain.
M	2016	Many Pages — Three new PainScience.com indexes based on subject categories: conditions, treatments, and explanations for pain.
S	2016	Massage Therapy for Neck Pain, Chest Pain, Arm Pain, and Upper Back Pain — Edited for clarity.
S	2016	Massage Therapy Side Effects — Minor reorganization of the article; added a couple more examples.
S	2016	The Tyranny of Yoga and Meditation — Science update: added a citation to Bower et al, which is very positive about the health benefits of mind-body therapies — a welcome injection of optimism into this article.
M	2016	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — New conclusion, with both discouraging and encouraging perspectives, taken from a recent blog post about the challenge of medically unexplained symptoms.
M	2016	Strength Training Frequency — Significant science update, with substantive commentary on Schoenfeld et al and Timmons.
L	2016	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — New section.
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update — Added commentary on the “do not offer” acupuncture recommendation in the new NICE guidelines for back pain.
S	2016	Many Pages — Major improvements to printing of all PainScience.com pages. My apologies to visitors and customers who have been less than thrilled with their printing efforts.
S	2016	Pain & Injury Survival Tips — Minor addition — A note about aquajogging.
S	2016	Many Pages — Updates to help pages and customer information about offline reading options for PainScience.com tutorials.
M	2016	Diagnosing Runner’s Knee — Significant revision. The article now gets to the point quicker, and is less wordy overall. Several side points were been moved into footnotes. Added some links and a couple citations.
M	2016	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Elaborated — Added table contrasting tension headache with migraine — quite useful for many visitors, I hope.
M	2016	Zapped! Does TENS work for pain? — Added a mobile-only article summary. Added a paragraph about sensation-enhanced placebo.
M	2016	Placebo Power Hype — New section: “Sensation-enhanced placebo: the basis for most therapies for pain.”
L	2016	Vitamin D for Pain — Major update. Total renovation of this article continues with many additions and changes today: several citations and footnotes, some important new key points, some less important but interesting tangents, more specific recommendations, and a lot of reorganizing to continue making the page more useful to readers.
L	2016	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New section, shrunk not stuck.
M	2016	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Science update — Revised introduction to treatments, citing Diercks as an interesting example.
M	2016	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New section, article abstract.
S	2016	Vitamin D for Pain — Added fun little footnote about the cloudiest places on Earth. I live in one of them …
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Science update — Added some useful new indirect evidence about SMT for migraine (Chaibi et al).
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Science update — Cited Chaibi et al on spinal manipulative therapy for migraine.
M	2016	Objectivity is Overrated — A couple additions and some revision.
M	2016	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Edited — Added some important footnotes and clarifications.
S	2016	Insomnia Until it Hurts — Science update, added a citation about the relationship between sleep quality and immunity.
M	2016	Does Ultrasound or Shockwave Therapy Work? — Big science update — Added a table of summarized recent reviews, including six new citations from the last decade (basically all still about scanty, crappy evidence). Several related editorial changes.
S	2016	Zapped! Does TENS work for pain? — Minor science update, added a new review (Desmeules) of TENS for rotator cuff tendinopathy.
S	2016	The Pressure Question in Massage Therapy — Added a particularly high quality mobile-only article summary.
M	2016	The Power of Barking: Correlation, causation, and how we decide what treatments work — Three deep, dorky new sections about the human talent for causality inference and how it leads us astray. (Man, this is a really weird article, but I’m not giving up on it.)
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Science update — Added a few new citations about the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and it’s correlation with chronic pain.
L	2016	Vitamin D for Pain — Major update. All new introduction explaining and exploring the link between vitamin D deficiency and chronic pain, with a much greater focus on being of service to readers. Includes discussion of the recent controversy over whether or not vitamin D deficiency is a “pandemic.”
M	2016	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — Added Vitamin D deficiency and chronic low-grade inflammation.
M	2016	Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements for Pain & Healing — Added new section about vitamin D.
M	2016	6 Main Causes of Morning Back Pain — New section about vitamin D deficiency and the nighttime bone pain caused by osteomalacia.
M	2016	A Deep Dive into Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness — Added new sections about vitamin D deficiency and the general concept of excessive DOMS as a symptom of other health problems.
M	2016	Homeopathy Schmomeopathy — Additions: a very substantial related reading section, and a new section about the FTC’s new crackdown on homeopathy products.
S	2016	Does Arnica Gel Work for Pain? — Minor additions: a sidebar about the FTC’s recent crackdown on homeopathy, some new resources, and news about the North American brand change from “Traumeel” to “T-Relief.”
M	2016	Quite a Stretch — Rewritten — Complex and thorough modernization and other improvements.
S	2016	Smoking and Chronic Pain — Added a related reading section with links to help with quitting. Added a minor item with citation about smoking being (ironically) a short term pain-killer.
L	2016	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — New section.
S	2016	Does Massage Therapy Work? — Minor upgrade — Added an important point about the potential of novel sensory input to treat chronic pain.
M	2016	Your Back Is Not Out of Alignment — Content added — Greg Lehman’s “Fundamentals of Treatment” — some specific guidelines for structuralism-free treatment.
M	2016	Sensitization in Chronic Pain — Added a special sidebar, “Fundamentals of Treatment” — some practical, sensitization-friendly treatment principles for pros.
S	2016	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — Minor addition: a sidebar about “the wilderness of the medically unexplained.”
M	2016	Your Back Is Not Out of Alignment — New section.
M	2016	Why So “Negative”? — Added a minor funny note about hate e-mailers who can’t be bothered to specify what they are complaining about.
L	2016	Stuck in My Throat — Added more updates about to the story about on-going episodes of globus, more integration of the implications of my updates, miscellaneous minor editing, and a new list of possible musculoskeletal causes (from sources like Kortequee). Also added a mobile-only article summary.
M	2016	Salamander and Regeneration Science — New section about the naked mole rat’s pain immunity superpower.
M	2016	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Rewrite — A new way of looking at how trigger points cause the sensation of “stiffness” and what happens when we try to stretch them out.
M	2016	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Modest revision — Reorganized presentation of the practical and theoretical challenges with stretching trigger points.
L	2016	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Major update — Almost all of the stretching sections have been edited, revised, and modernized.
M	2016	Your Back Is Not Out of Alignment — New section — “Manual therapy needs to get beyond being ‘manual’.”
M	2016	Strength Training for Pain & Injury Rehab — Added “Why is exercise healthy?” sidebar.
M	2016	Modality Empires — New section: “Manual therapy needs to get beyond being ‘manual’.”
S	2016	A Historical Perspective On Aches ‘n’ Pains — Minor edit: added a particularly good turn of phrase to the conclusion (“the speculations of desperate patients and opportunistic cure purveyors”).
M	2016	The Trouble with Chairs — Added “Why is exercise healthy?” sidebar.
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Minor editing — Made the point of the section more clearly.
M	2016	Vitamin D for Pain — Significant science update. Added a significant new citation (Wu, plus some older ones, and upgraded the article to use popup footnotes instead of inline links.
L	2016	Placebo Power Hype — New section: “Placebo minimization: what if we sell it with a wink?”
S	2016	The Chiropractic Controversies — Added a mobile-only article summary.
M	2016	6 Main Causes of Morning Back Pain — Added an article summary. Miscellaneous improvements, mainly to the introduction and about fibromyalgia.
S	2016	Guide to Repetitive Strain Injuries — Small but important clarification about load management: new first paragraph of resting section.
S	2016	Does Acupuncture Work for Pain? — Added a mobile-only article summary.
S	2016	Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements for Pain & Healing — Added a mobile-only article summary.
S	2016	A Deep Dive into Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness — Added a particularly high quality mobile-only article summary.
S	2016	Guide to Repetitive Strain Injuries — Added a mobile-only article summary.
S	2016	Does Posture Matter? — Summarized — Added a smartphone-only article summary.
S	2016	Does Massage Therapy Work? — Revised — An expanded and improved introduction, and a new smartphone-only article summary.
M	2016	A Deep Dive into Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness — Short new section: “DOMS timing: just how delayed is it?”
M	2016	Many Pages — More than 40 key articles on the site now have carefully crafted summaries visible to mobile users only, where they are most needed (see more information & examples). I’ll be adding batches of new summaries for months to come!
S	2016	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — Minor addition — Added a “perspective” sidebar warning against snake oily imposters.
M	2016	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — Added mobile summary.
S	2016	Does Epsom Salt Work? — Minor clarification — Small but worthwhile clarifications of the 500 Dalton rule and the “Osmosis mistake” (which I continue to get too much ignorant email about).
M	2016	The Chiropractic Controversies — Editing and reorganization of the introduction, a new summary of the main controversies, and a significant new reference about Medicare billing.
M	2016	Anxiety & Chronic Pain — Revision of the first three sections: more careful use of terminology, more clarity about what this article is about, and more nuance about the idea that it’s hard to “outsmart” anxiety. Added an important citation about insomnia as a risk factor for anxiety.
M	2016	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Edited — Thorough revision and modernization. Although I revised this section just five years ago, it needed it again!
M	2016	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Edited — Thorough revision and modernization. Although I revised this section a mere five years ago, it needed it again!
M	2016	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Edited — Thorough revision and modernization. Although I revised this section just five years ago, it needed it again!
M	2016	Placebo Power Hype — Science update: coverage of another round of nonsense about “placebos without deception.”
S	2016	(Almost) Never Use Ice on Low Back Pain! — Light editing, miscellaneous clarifications and modernization, especially an introduction to the idea of sensitization.
M	2016	Voltaren Gel: Does It Work? — Added link to new opioids article, and a footnote clarifying the mechanism of action of “gut burning.” Added information about availability and the new generic equivalent of Voltaren.
M	2016	Why Do Muscles Feel Stiff and Tight? — Several miscellaneous improvements, especially new information about the role of inflammation and “inflammaging.”
M	2016	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Science update — Littlewood et al now provides some more substantive support for the theory of functional freezing and related rehabilitation methods.
M	2016	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — New section.
S	2016	Diagnosing Runner’s Knee — Improved some formatting, especially on mobile.
L	2016	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — New section — More than a thousand new words on the topic of neck cracking.
S	2016	Why Do Muscles Feel Stiff and Tight? — Minor update. Added a neat footnote and citation about the trouble with “average” ranges of motion. Plus miscellaneous editing.
S	2016	What Happened To My Barber? — Minor update to references related to SMT for headache.
S	2016	The Trigger Point Identity Crisis — Added some detail about electromyography and the results of a studies of endplate noise.
M	2016	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Science update & elaboration — More and better references and detail about spinal manipulation for headache. Conclusion? Meh.
M	2016	Massage Therapy for Low Back Pain — Many miscellaneous improvements.
M	2016	Does Acupuncture Work for Pain? — Significant science update. New short section about Chae et al, the “phantom acupuncture” study. Also added a couple related reading links, and a sidebar about spellings/meanings of “qi.”
M	2016	Your Back Is Not Out of Alignment — Science update — Added an excellent scientific example of how disk herniations are less clinically significant than most people expect … but they still matter.
L	2016	Pain Relief from Personal Growth — Significant revision. Migrated many points to footnotes for readability. Added several new links. Clarified the purpose of the article (what it is, and what it’s not). Added a fun featured image.
S	2016	A Historical Perspective On Aches ‘n’ Pains — Minor edit: mentioned physiatry and PM&R (a strange oversight, overdue for correction).
S	2016	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Clarification — Added an interesting clarification about my wife’s strange experience with frozen shoulder.
M	2016	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Improvements — Many miscellaneous improvements.
M	2016	Chronic, Subtle, Systemic Inflammation — Updated, whole article — Many miscellaneous minor improvements.
S	2016	How to Treat Sciatic Nerve Pain — Minor update. Edited sciatica surgery section.
M	2016	Is Running on Pavement Risky? — Added a new section about plantar fasciitis.
M	2016	Many Pages — Web tech has advanced far enough that I can now safely use Emoji, and they will render appropriately for 98% of readers. I promise to use them sparingly, but I think they add a lot of character. 😜 There’s now 75 spread out across several hundred pages.
M	2016	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update — There is now a good scientific concensus on the subject of spinal fusion, thanks to papers like Mannion 2013 and Hedlund 2016. Putting a spotlight on this called for some serious revision and editing. The whole section is greatly improved.
M	2016	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Science update — More recent test and reviews of steroid injection now cited. No significant change in recommendations, but the evidence is more settled now.
L	2016	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — New section — Added a great, practical new tip for diagnosing and predicting medial tibial stress syndrome.
S	2016	Icing for Injuries, Tendinitis, and Inflammation — Minor revision. Some more commentary about the popularity of debunking icing lately.
M	2016	Healer Syndrome — Significant revision: many nice little adjustments and polishing, especially several important citations and useful links. Added related reading section. Added a new featured image.
L	2016	When To Worry About Shortness of Breath … and When Not To — Major revision. Rewrote and revised to put a much stronger spotlight on anxiety and “head games” as a factor in shortness of breath. Reorganized the article in three clearer parts. Added a new summary.
L	2016	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Expanded — Added much more information.
S	2016	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Science update — Added brief discussion of rotator cuff abnormalities in asymptomatic people.
M	2016	Guide to Repetitive Strain Injuries — Significant science update. Revised the “Head Games” section to emphasize the implications of a pair of really interesting references (Andersson 2011 and Neogi 2015).
S	2016	Tissue Provocation Therapies in Musculoskeletal Medicine — Science update. Cited a high quality new study of Graston technique, Crothers et al.
S	2016	Statistical Significance Abuse — Science update: citation to Pereira 2012 about the lack of large treatment effects in medicine.
S	2016	Ioannidis: Making Medical Science Look Bad Since 2005 — Science update: citation to Pereira 2012 about the lack of large treatment effects in medicine.
S	2016	Most Pain Treatments Damned With Faint Praise — Science update: citation to Pereira 2012 about the lack of large treatment effects in medicine.
M	2016	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Improvements — Editing, and added a diagram of the hypothetical relationship between adhesive and functional freezing.
L	2016	The Respiration Connection — More general revision, mostly organizing and clarifying treatment suggestions.
M	2016	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Science update — Added information about the Ober test, finally — and the brand new evidence that it doesn’t measure IT band tightness after all.
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Simplified — This section has been simplified, and now only covers key points about opioids and the relevance of opioids to MPS specifically. Detailed information about opioids has been moved to a separate article, Opioids for Chronic Aches & Pains.
L	2016	Pain is Weird — New section.
M	2016	How Many Muscles Are In the Human Body? — Substantial miscellaneous improvements. Added a couple notable citations about anatomical variations. New featured image.
S	2016	Anxiety & Chronic Pain — Added a more formal and complete definition of anxiety to the introduction.
S	2016	The Respiration Connection — Added a paragraph and footnote about controlled frequency breathing.
M	2016	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Revision — Some revisions to the discussion of treating systemic inflammation with diet, and added an important link out to a new article on that topic.
M	2016	The 3 Basic Types of Pain — Added a nice new Venn diagram depicting the intersection of all three kinds of pain in “hell.” Added section “Do sensitization and centralization belong in the “other” category?”
M	2016	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Elaborated — Added an explanation of why we call it a “tension” headache, and a few other small changes.
M	2016	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Expanded — Added more information.
L	2016	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New section.
L	2016	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Major rewrite — Thorough revision of the introduction to sarcomeres, inspired by the book Life’s Ratchet, about molecular machines.
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Science update — Revised the introduction to treatments for clarity and completeness, added new references, and a new short paragraph about risks and harms.
S	2016	Modality Empires — Minor but fun: added Adam Meakin’s very amusing and apt random modality name generator.
M	2016	Massage Therapy for Upper Back Pain — Miscellaneous editing, and in particular replaced paragraph about the evolutionary perspective on back pain with some more relevant explanation of the anatomy of this area. New image showing the location of Spot 11.
M	2016	38 Surprising Causes of Pain — Added sidebar about the basic types of pain, nociceptive and neurpathic. Added #10, about exaggerated inflammation.
S	2016	The 3 Basic Types of Pain — Added sidebar about migraine, and converted section about the influence of the brain to a sidebar. Elaborated on overlapping pain problems.
M	2016	The 3 Basic Types of Pain — Extensive next day revisions.
M	2016	Studying the Pain Studies — Added a new section about how I find out about good new research.
S	2016	Icing for Injuries, Tendinitis, and Inflammation — Added evidence of efficacy of NSAIDs for common injuries.
S	2016	Heat for Pain and Rehab — Added evidence of efficacy of NSAIDs for common injuries.
M	2016	Opioids for Chronic Aches & Pains — Improved footnotes/citations regarding other pain-killers. Added key citations about opioid and NSAID efficacy for musculoskeletal pain. Added more early emphasis on the position of pain patient advocacy groups. Miscellaneous editing.
S	2016	Pain & Injury Survival Tips — Revised — Integrated a near-duplicate section and updated the language a bit.
S	2016	6 Main Causes of Morning Back Pain — Minor science update: interesting new citation about evidence of inflammation suppression at night (Hand et al).
S	2016	Stuck in My Throat — Updated my last update: status report on globus recovery one full year “Post Stone.”
M	2016	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Expanded — Added information about joint capsule inflating.
M	2016	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Expanded — Added interesting new evidence about arthrographic distension.
L	2016	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New section.
M	2016	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Expanded — Added recommendation to try a ketogenic diet.
L	2016	Massage Therapy for Shoulder Pain — Added a photograph of small massage balls. Added a new section about rotator cuff injuries. Miscellaneous editing. Started logging updates.
S	2016	Your Back Is Not Out of Alignment — Minor update — Supported the claim that nocebo is an issue with a great quote from Flynn et al.
S	2016	Opioids for Chronic Aches & Pains — Added citation about opioid non-responders. Added a TL;DR summary.
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Correction — Removed overconfident statements about the clinical significance of the effects of psychoactive drugs, plus related minor updates.
L	2016	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Major update — Broadened scope of section to include all pain killers. Added a summary of opioids, and a guide to experimenting with the over-the-counter meds; added more science; merged and edited previously separate sections on rebound pain and muscle relaxants.
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Correction — Removed overconfident statements about the clinical significance of the effects of psychoactive drugs, plus related minor updates.
M	2016	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Upgrade — Greatly improved information about opioids (and linking to much more information).
M	2016	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Upgrade — Added much more information.
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Correction — Removed overconfident statements about the clinical significance of the effects of psychoactive drugs, plus related minor updates.
L	2016	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — New chapter.
S	2016	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Science update — Added more general evidence about treatment efficacy.
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Minor update — Some editing and new caveats.
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Minor update — Some editing and new caveats.
M	2016	Water Fever and the Fear of Chronic Dehydration — Cited Spigt 2012 on headaches. Added a paragraph about the “water cure.”
M	2016	Should You Get A Lube Job for Your Arthritic Knee? — Added a section about other surgical procedures for context.
M	2016	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Science update — More information and citations about ineffective knee surgeries for context.
S	2016	Smoking and Chronic Pain — Added example of the effect of smoking on shoulder pain/injuries.
M	2016	The Respiration Connection — More editing. Modernization of footnotes and citations. Added a drawing of a man beathing, and an anatomical diagram of the diaphragm.
S	2016	Is Diagnosis for Pain Problems Reliable? — Added an example of diagnosis that is reliable.
S	2016	Icing, Heating & Tissue Temperature — Cited Petrofsky 2009, regarding the effect of adipose tissue.
L	2016	Hydrotherapy, Water-Powered Rehab — Extensive upgrades and modernization.
L	2016	Does Craniosacral Therapy Work? — Added summary and good/bad/ugly points. Added a good new related reading link, and quoted from it a bit.
S	2016	Spinal Fracture Bracing and Fixation — Added citations to Louw and Harris about ineffective surgeries in general.
M	2016	A Historical Perspective On Aches ‘n’ Pains — Added more medical and scientific context and some new citations, particularly about orthopedic surgeries and opioids. Some general editing. Removed a small section of dubious value.
S	2016	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Minor update — Added general perspective on the efficacy and safety of orthopedic surgeries.
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update — Some fresh citations that strongly reinforce the main point of the section, and a few entertaining new examples of weird placebo effects.
L	2016	Opioids for Chronic Aches & Pains — Major update. Added disclaimer (needed more for this article than most). Edited extensively to focus the article more strongly on official guidelines and reporting expert opinion and official guidelines, and greater acknowledgement of controversy. Added related reading section.
M	2016	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Improvements — Several clarifications about diagnosis, and some new citations and expert quotes. Added a paragraph about x-rays.
M	2016	The Respiration Connection — More thorough editing of the introduction, and modernization of discussion of trigger points.
M	2016	Opioids for Chronic Aches & Pains — Editing, added several references, and a new section about safety issues with over-the-counter medications for perspective.
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Minor update — Cited van Gent 2007 on training volume and the “fine balance.”
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Minor update — Cited van Gent 2007 for perspective.
L	2016	6 Main Causes of Morning Back Pain — Huge upgrade: completely rewrote almost everything about trigger points and added much more about fibromyalgia; revised everything about tissue stagnancy, postural stress, and sleeping position; added an important large new section about inflammation and “inflammaging”; added a minor new section about mattresses; added several more specific tips and suggestions.
S	2016	Medical Errors in Perspective — Clarified a key point and added a couple links.
M	2016	The Causes of Runner's Knee Are Rarely Obvious — Added new images. Beefed up final section about non-biomechanical explanations. Several edits for clarity.
S	2016	Does Cartilage Regeneration Work? — Miscellaneous minor improvements and updates.
S	2016	Does Cartilage Regeneration Work? — Added citation to Louw 2016. Converted all inline citations to footnotes.
M	2016	Alternative Medicine’s Choice — Added citation to Louw 2016 about bogus surgeries, plus a couple minor edits. Added a picture.
L	2016	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — New section — Important new evidence that undermines my own debunking, thoroughly acknowledged and analyzed.
L	2016	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New section.
L	2016	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New section.
M	2016	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Science update — Added more information about range of motion and reliability of assessment of ROM.
L	2016	Massage Therapy for Low Back Pain (So Low That It’s Not In the Back) — More editing for clarity. Added much more detail (and science) about the sacroliac joint.
L	2016	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — New section.
M	2016	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Improvements — Expanded and added several new citations.
S	2016	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Minor addition — Added a little about smoking as a risk factor.
S	2016	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Minor addition — Added footnote about other frozen joints, like frozen hips.
L	2016	Opioids for Chronic Aches & Pains — Transferred and adapted content from a chapter in The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain.
S	2016	Anxiety & Chronic Pain — Added connection between anxiety and inflammation to the introduction.
M	2016	6 Main Causes of Morning Back Pain — Added some information about fibromyalgia and some other causes of non-back morning pain.
L	2016	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New section.
M	2016	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Upgraded — Article is now substantive enough for removal of “half-baked” disclaimer, and a title change from frozen shoulder “primer” to “guide.”
S	2016	Your Back Is Not Out of Alignment — Science update — Cited Salata et al.
L	2016	The Causes of Runner's Knee Are Rarely Obvious — Long overdue revision, upgrades, updating. Added much more scientific context and several citations.
S	2016	A Deep Dive into Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness — Added citation about compression garments (Beliard et al).
M	2016	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Expanded — New evidence-based prevention risks and tips.
M	2016	When to Worry About Neck Pain … and when not to! — Revised intro, clarified a couple points, added a several links to authoritative sources of information on other conditions that can affect the neck.
M	2016	Massage Therapy for Low Back Pain (So Low That It’s Not In the Back) — Revised the first few hundred words for clarity.
S	2016	6 Main Causes of Morning Back Pain — Edits and elaborations for new nocturnal disc swelling section.
M	2016	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Safety update — Updated for consistency with new CDC guidelines. Thorough editing of the section.
M	2016	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Edited — General editing, a new citation, more information about general exercise.
S	2016	Anxiety & Chronic Pain — Added footnote about the discovery of GABA-eating gut bacteria.
L	2016	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New section.
S	2016	When to Worry About Neck Pain … and when not to! — Added a couple images, some links. Minor editing.
S	2016	A Historical Perspective On Aches ‘n’ Pains — New introductory paragraph, for additional historical context.
S	2016	The Chiropractic Controversies — Cited Bruce Walker’s “aberrant practices that cause significant reputational damage to the profession” (Walker).
M	2016	6 Main Causes of Morning Back Pain — New section: “What about nocturnal intervertebral disc swelling?”
S	2016	Your Back Is Not Out of Alignment — Science update — Added subsection on risk factors for running injuries.
L	2016	A Recipe for Chronic Neck Pain After Whiplash — Revised for clarity and thoroughness. Added more recent scientific review, adding support to the original citation the article is based on. New, more descriptive headings.
S	2016	The Trigger Point Identity Crisis — Added Dr. James’ bio, miscellaneous minor corrections and editing.
M	2016	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Safety update — Updated opioid summary for consistency with new CDC guidelines.
M	2016	6 Main Causes of Morning Back Pain — More editing, clarifying the idea of postural stress at night: “the dosage makes the poison.”
M	2016	Massage Therapy for Back Pain, Hip Pain, and Sciatica — Added footnote explaining contralateral gluteus medius and minimus action. Added footnote about the poor safety record of hip replacement surgery. Miscellaneous minor edits.
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Science update — Added two footnotes.
L	2016	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New section.
S	2016	Spinal Subluxation — Added reference to body perception, Moseley 2008.
M	2016	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Update — Added new intro to section about distorted body image.
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Update — Added new intro to section about distorted body image.
L	2016	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New section.
M	2016	Trigger Point Doubts — Added a summary of major points to the beginning of the article. Added the story of my evolving views of the subject.
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Important new related reading — Although not an update to the book itself, I’ve published some important related articles about the scientific controversy over the explanation for trigger points: (1) a heavily referenced review of the evidence that a trigger point is a “tiny cramp”; (2) a summary of the academic controversy about trigger point science; (3) the story of my own doubts and how they’ve changed over the years (this is the “main” article on this theme; it was around before but has been revised heavily). All of this stuff is inside baseball, and not of interest to most readers, but it’s critical to my credibility as an author on this topic — it shows that I’ve really done my homework, and I’m not ignoring the concerns of skeptical experts — so for now I’ve made everything freely available to all site visitors instead of integrating them into the book. Nevertheless, the book has already been heavily influenced by this work, and will continue to be.
L	2016	Trigger Point Doubts — Major update: new conclusion, and extensive editing for consistency with the launch of two important new related articles, The Trigger Point Identity Crisis and Trigger Points on Trial.
L	2016	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — Miscellaneous improvements — Added links to several authoritative/useful sources. General editing to clean up and clarify recent additions. More descriptive headings. Added related reading recommendations.
S	2016	The Trigger Point Identity Crisis — Editing and integration with other related articles.
L	2016	Does Epsom Salt Work? — New section — New section discussing the small size of magnesium ions and the 500 Dalton rule of absorption. This isn’t exactly a reversal of my position on absorption, because I was always officially and openly agnostic about it. However, I also clearly thought absorption was a priori implausible, and this update reverses that opinion, which is worth emphasizing.
M	2016	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Improvements — Added more information and a citation about causes of thunderclap headache, and “don’t panic” graphic.
S	2016	The Insomnia Guide for Chronic Pain Patients — Science update: evidence for CBT for insomnia is now quite strong, see Trauer.
L	2016	6 Main Causes of Morning Back Pain — Editing for clarity and readability, first half. More information about the vulnerability of the paraspinals to trigger points. New image of a messy bed.
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Minor update — Added a good new example of a trigger point “whisperer” myth.
S	2016	Water Fever and the Fear of Chronic Dehydration — Added a couple fun pictures, and a tiny bit of editing.
M	2016	Muscle Pain as an Injury Complication — Revised the introduction.
S	2016	Does Posture Matter? — Correction — A helpful reader pointed out that a 2010 study of “power poses” may not be very good science. Revised accordingly, and made a few other changes.
L	2016	6 Main Causes of Morning Back Pain — Major revision: a new structure for the article. It’s now built around three possible causes of morning back pain. Modernization of trigger point information as well.
L	2016	6 Main Causes of Morning Back Pain — An important update: added a whole bunch of new information about inflammatory back pain. Its absence in previous versions of the article was a major oversight.
S	2016	Does Posture Matter? — Science update — Added citation about “text neck.”
M	2016	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Upgraded — Added citation about “text neck,” and some modernization of recommendations related to posture and ergonomics.
M	2016	The Trigger Point Identity Crisis — Important clarifications about presumptive treatment, and a more precise definition of “spasm” and the difference from non-neurologically mediated contracture. Miscellaneous editing.
S	2016	Sensitization in Chronic Pain — Added citation about the effect on sleep problems on sensitization.
M	2016	The Not-So-Humble Healer — General editing and modernizing. Added several links to relevant articles that have been written since.
M	2016	Massage Therapy for Back Pain, Hip Pain, and Sciatica — Miscellaneous editing and improvements. Fixed a few minor errors, moved some details into footnotes.
M	2016	Healer Syndrome — Editing, modernization, added some footnotes.
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Minor update — Finally added lacrosse ball recommendation.
L	2016	Complete Guide to Frozen Shoulder — New section.
L	2016	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Major update — Fully modernized risk and safety information about all over-the-counter analgesics.
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Science update — Added citation about the efficacy of ibuprofen for headache.
M	2016	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Science update — Added citations about causes of thunderclap headaches.
M	2016	Insomnia Until it Hurts — Science update: added information about central senitization and cited Burton et al.
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Minor update — Clarification of the significance of some previously cited science, Ferreira et al.
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update — New citations and more information about spontaneously resolving herniations.
S	2016	Smoking and Chronic Pain — General editing for clarity.
M	2016	Icing, Heating & Tissue Temperature — Corrections and clarifications, and new information about body temperature in baths, more information about fat as an insulator, and an interesting video.
S	2016	Is Diagnosis for Pain Problems Reliable? — Added motion palpation. Added a citation about detecting craniosacral therapy. Started update logging.
M	2016	Zapped! Does TENS work for pain? — Added more information about possible harms, a really bad pun, a link to The Road to Wellville, and a reader comment about the “fancyness” of TENS devices over the years.
L	2016	Zapped! Does TENS work for pain? — Added section about pulsed electromagnetic field therapy.
S	2016	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — Science update — Significant revision in light of (finally!) good new evidence about natural running and injury prevention.
M	2016	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Science update — Significant revision in light of (finally!) good new evidence about natural running and injury prevention.
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Science update — Significant revision in light of (finally!) good new evidence about natural running and injury prevention.
M	2016	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Science update — Significant revision in light of (finally!) good new evidence about natural running and injury prevention.
M	2016	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Additions — Added more information about spinal adjustment.
M	2016	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Additions — Added more information about red flags.
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update — Beefed up the evidence that vertebroplasty is an ineffective surgical fix for an allegedly structural problem.
S	2016	Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements for Pain & Healing — Minor science update about glucosamine.
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Science update — Added some particularly good science to shore up the personal anecdote added in January.
M	2016	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Good news update — Another good news update: ESWT is starting to look more promising. The section has been revised to be much more positive.
L	2016	Placebo Power Hype — New section: “Is it okay to pay for a placebo?”
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Science update — More evidence about more serious side effects of statins, and controversy about prevalence.
S	2016	Don’t Worry About Lifting Technique — A couple minor changes to make sure it’s completely clear that the article is not arguing that technique doesn’t matter in powerlifting. It does. This article is about occupational lifting, and powerlifting is raised only for an interesting perspective on that topic.
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Minor science update — Added a note about the odds of back pain having a serious cause.
M	2016	Water Fever and the Fear of Chronic Dehydration — Added several examples of other personal habits that have clear origins in marketing rather than science. (Also, finally started logging updates, after years of unlogged updates.)
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Improved — Added a new key point about how to recognize the pain of a nerve root pinch.
L	2016	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — New advice — Not only a new section but new good news! First version added Feb 2, substantial edit and expansion Feb 26.
S	2016	When to Worry About Low Back Pain — Added a bunch of further reading suggestions.
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Science update — Beefy tune-up for the “pillars” of trigger point science: several new and carefully written footnotes, linking to many painstakingly summarized papers for readers who really want to delve. It’s a bigger update than it looks like on the surface.
S	2016	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — Minor science update — Citation of Collins 2008, a review of icing evidence (or the lack of it), plus related editing.
S	2016	Does Massage Therapy Work? — Science update — New bad news evidence about manual lymphatic drainage.
L	2016	Don’t Worry About Lifting Technique — Completed major revision and modernization. (After languishing in obscurity for the last eight years — almost never visited by anyone! And forgotten by me.)
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Science update — New footnote supporting the use of education (like this tutorial!) to treat chronic pain.
S	2016	Pain & Injury Survival Tips — Edited — Clarified a key concept: the methodology of self-treatment experimentation.
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Science update — Added a strong (and interesting) reference about surgical lavage and debridement.
L	2016	When to Worry About Low Back Pain — Added a substantial new section about left and right low back pain.
L	2016	Stuck in My Throat — Added “Appendix: A story about a real lump in the throat.”
M	2016	When to Worry About Low Back Pain — More editing, more! Added some better information about pain being a poor indicator, and the role of myofascial trigger points. This article has become extremely busy in the last couple months — about 4,000 readers per day, as described here — so I am really polishing it and making sure that it’s the best possible answer to people’s fears about back pain.
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update — Added some general explanation of cognititive-behavioural therapy, with a key reference.
M	2016	When to Worry About Low Back Pain — Added table of worst possible causes of back pain. Miscellaneous editing and organizing.
S	2016	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Minor update — Added a good personal anecdote … because my spine is degenerating! Also, a footnote about surprisingly painless joint damage.
M	2016	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — Update — Careful and thorough editing/update of NSAID recommendations, especially with regards to safety.
M	2016	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Update — Careful and thorough editing/update of NSAID recommendations, especially with regards to safety.
M	2016	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Update — Careful and thorough editing/update of NSAID recommendations, especially with regards to safety.
L	2016	Placebo Power Hype — New section: “Is the placebo effect getting stronger? The Tuttle kerfuffle”
S	2015	The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) — Minor science update.
S	2015	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Science update — Discussed the implications of some (weak but noteworthy) evidence about screening for the risk of lower limb injuries in athletes.
M	2015	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Science update — Added citations to shore up efficacy, and evidence that taping tinkers with knee sensation.
M	2015	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update — Added discussion of a popular acupuncture-for-back-pain paper, Cherkin 2009. Which is not fit to line a birdcage, in my opinion.
S	2015	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Minor science update — Added citation to shore up evidence that taping tinkers with knee sensation.
M	2015	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Edited — Modernization of trigger point summary, more science, and more acknowledgement of controversies.
S	2015	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Science update — Added some hard evidence on the minor (non-lethal) risks of SMT from Carlesso 2010.
S	2015	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Science update — Added an interesting reference to Carlesso 2013 with some discussion of the implications.
S	2015	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Minor science update — Citation of Collins 2008 and Bleakley 2012, reviewing icing evidence (or the lack of it), and a few related edits.
M	2015	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Edited — Modernization of trigger point summary, more science, acknowledgement of controversies.
M	2015	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Edited — Yet more modernization and clarification.
M	2015	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Edited — Modernization and clarification.
M	2015	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Edited — Modernization and clarification.
M	2015	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Edited — Modernization and clarification.
S	2015	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Science update — Added more evidence showing no causal connection with hip weakness, plus related editing.
S	2015	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Science update — Added a humility citation, conceding the absence of scientific evidence that massage helps neck pain. Also, modernization summary of trigger point therapy.
M	2015	Tennis Elbow Guide — Isometric contraction for pain control, based on Rio.
M	2015	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Edited — Tuned for consistency with my current views.
L	2015	Massage Therapy for Bruxism, Jaw Clenching, and TMJ Syndrome — Added new section, “Don’t neglect your neck.”
S	2015	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Science update — Added a footnote about trigger points being associated with jaw pain.
S	2015	Contrast Hydrotherapy — Added a citation about icing science. General editing. Moved several examples and elaborations into footnotes.
S	2015	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update — Added surprisingly good news about methylene blue injections.
S	2015	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update — Added surprisingly good news about methylene blue injections.
M	2015	Extraordinary Health Claims — First edit since the article was created about a decade ago.
S	2015	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Science update — Added a little more information about the nature of uncovertebral joints.
M	2015	How to Treat Sciatic Nerve Pain — Added a section about over-the-counter pain-killers.
L	2015	The Insomnia Guide for Chronic Pain Patients — Added section “Using medications to prevent minor aches and pains from interfering with sleep.”
S	2015	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Minor science update — Citation of Collins 2008, a review of icing evidence (or the lack of it), plus a few related edits.
M	2015	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Upgraded — More and clearer red flag details, especially about spinal cord trouble (myelopathy).
M	2015	The Respiration Connection — Some basic editing of the first half of the article, through “8 reasons.”
L	2015	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — New section.
M	2015	Stuck in My Throat — Good news: added another update on my own story, reporting on the successful resolution of my globus.
M	2015	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Revised — Just modernizing and clarifying.
L	2015	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — New section — Made a new section dedicated to other causes, after adding a science update about a fascinating example of a rare cause of stubborn shin pain.
M	2015	Guide to Repetitive Strain Injuries — Updated discussion of risks and benefits of medications.
S	2015	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — New links — Added links to several other relevant articles around the site, and most of those have been updated recently.
S	2015	Does Epsom Salt Work? — Correction — Fixed an incorrect premise of a minor point: water vapour is pure by definition and cannot be salty, and therefore cannot be even a slightly plausible mechanism of delivery of salt to mucous membranes.
M	2015	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Science update — Some referencing about central sensitization, especially this “fun” fact: muscle pain may be especially good at causing CS.
L	2015	Stuck in My Throat — Added a section “Maybe muscle pain?” and a good photograph of my bizarre tonsil stone.
L	2015	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — New section — Better late than never, I’ve added a summary of the expanded integrated hypothesis from Gerwin et al. (2004).
M	2015	Pain & Injury Survival Tips — Adjustments — Small but meaningful improvements regarding safety and efficacy.
M	2015	Does Epsom Salt Work? — Correction and improvement — Fixed incorrect information about skin pruning and added the actual (and much more interesting) explanation; cited to substantiate the impermeability of the stratum corneum.
S	2015	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update — There’s been more study of the role of bacteria in back pain. And still not enough!
L	2015	Tennis Elbow Guide — Added information about ESWT ultrasound.
L	2015	Stuck in My Throat — Added a major update: the discovery of a very likely organic cause for my globus.
S	2015	Does Arnica Gel Work for Pain? — Added some arnica trial evidence.
S	2015	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Science update — Some good news changed to bad news: a discouraging follow-up study on arch-specific stretching.
S	2015	Pain & Injury Survival Tips — New.
S	2015	Pain & Injury Survival Tips — Minor update — Added statins.
L	2015	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Major update — Completely rewritten and greatly expanded, with much more science, emphasizing strength as a worthwhile treatment option.
M	2015	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Revised — Editing and some new science about changing head posture.
S	2015	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Minor update — More data on neck pain recovery rates.
S	2015	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Minor addition — Added a patient anecdote about a strange muscle spasm experience … which I know all too well.
S	2015	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Minor update — Added an expert quote.
M	2015	Your Back Is Not Out of Alignment — Upgrade — This article went viral on Facebook today. As I often do when an article gets a crapload of traffic, I did some work on it: a table of contents and a bunch of miscellaneous editing and polishing.
M	2015	Quite a Stretch — Upgrade — Added table of contents.
M	2015	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Upgraded — Many editorial and referencing improvements.
L	2015	Massage Therapy for Bruxism, Jaw Clenching, and TMJ Syndrome — Added new section, “When massage and relaxation aren’t enough: management of nastier jaw pain.”
L	2015	The Insomnia Guide for Chronic Pain Patients — Added section about lighting and gadgets.
S	2015	The Complete Guide to Chronic Tension Headaches — Addition — Added sidebar about osmophobia and migraine.
M	2015	Muscle Pain as an Injury Complication — Added the example of tension headaches in post-concussion syndrome, and some miscellaneous minor editing.
M	2015	Massage Therapy for Neck Pain, Chest Pain, Arm Pain, and Upper Back Pain — Miscellaneous improvements.
S	2015	Does Fascia Matter? — Minor update — Small addendum regarding physical therapy.
S	2015	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Science update — Added strong evidence from Freedman et al that Q-angles aren’t worth measuring.
S	2015	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Science update — Added brief example of nerve pinch by vertebral artery twistiness.
M	2015	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update — Added information and references about transitional vertebrae and Bertolotti’s syndrome.
M	2015	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Science update — Added three good references and a diagram about how much “wiggle” room nerve roots have.
M	2015	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Science update — Added three good references and a diagram about how much “wiggle” room nerve roots have.
M	2015	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update — Added 3 good references and a diagram about how much “wiggle” room nerve roots have.
M	2015	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Expanded — Added several items that might cause diagnostic confusion.
L	2015	Does Massage Therapy Work? — New section.
M	2015	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Expanded — Added about 350 words about neck circle safety.
M	2015	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — New sub-topic — Added IT band plungering. No really! If it’s stuck, suck it!
M	2015	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Science update — Two new science reviews considered and cited.
M	2015	Does Massage Therapy Work? — Upgrade — Added a table of contents (finally).
M	2015	Voltaren Gel: Does It Work? — Significant safety update (and a reassuring one).
M	2015	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Expanded — Added discussion of surprising data about rates of reinjury.
M	2015	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Expanded — More than doubled the size of the section with an interesting addition: “Rupture: not as obvious as you’d think!”
S	2015	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Minor update — Added an interesting subsection about “fabella syndrome.”
L	2015	The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) — Added new section, based on Whiteside. A little miscellaneous modernizing and editing.
S	2015	The Respiration Connection — Upgraded “hydraulics” diagram.
L	2015	Does Massage Therapy Work? — New section — Added an appendix about the Skeptical Massage Therapists Facebook group.
S	2015	Pain & Injury Survival Tips — Minor update — Made the tip more concise, and linked out to a new short article about smoking and pain.
M	2015	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Rewritten — Completely revised for the 3rd edition of the Workbook: I no longer recommend it.
S	2014	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — New citation — Added an important new reference to a scientific paper critical of conventional wisdom.
S	2014	Are Orthotics Worth It? — Minor clarifications about pedorthist scope of practice.
S	2014	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — Correction — Reduced confidence in the results of a major study of special footwear (Knapik, the subject of the last update). Later removed the citation altogether.
S	2014	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Correction — Reduced confidence in the results of a major study of special footwear (Knapik, the subject of the last update). Later removed the reference altogether.
M	2014	Stuck in My Throat — Added a brief epilogue, and clarification of several of the all-in-your-head concepts.
L	2014	Stuck in My Throat — Added information about Eagle syndrome and gargling.
S	2014	Does Fascia Matter? — Minor update — More introduction editing for readability.
S	2014	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Science update — Added a new good-news study about massage for neck pain.
S	2014	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Minor update — Added a reference for reassuring data about recovery rates.
S	2014	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Minor update — Upgraded references on neck pain recovery rates.
S	2014	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — New item — Added a brief but well-researched review of platelet-rich plasma injection.
L	2014	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — New section — A short new section, finally, on PRP injections. It’s brief, but links to a main, free article covering the topic in some detail.
L	2014	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — New section — A short new section, finally, on PRP injections. I’ve also published a more detailed free article about this.
M	2014	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — New item — Added a brief but well-researched review of platelet-rich plasma injection.
L	2014	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — New section — A short new section, finally, on PRP injections. I’ve also published a more detailed free article about this.
L	2014	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Like new — New, but shorter: just a topic summary now, linking to a main, free article.
S	2014	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Minor update — General editing, plus a stronger and clearer statement about targeting the vastus medialis.
S	2014	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Minor update — General editing and polish, now that the dust has settled from the 2nd edition launch.
S	2014	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Minor update — General editing and polish, now that the dust has settled from the 2nd edition launch.
L	2014	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Major update — Extensive revision for the 2nd edition.
L	2014	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Major update — Extensive revision for the 2nd edition.
L	2014	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — New section — A new section for the 2nd edition.
L	2014	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — New section — A new section for the 2nd edition.
L	2014	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — New section — A new section for the 2nd edition.
L	2014	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — New section — A new section for the 2nd edition.
M	2014	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Updated — Significant revision and expansion for the 2nd edition.
L	2014	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — New edition — Major revision of the book with the help of, Tony Ingram, PT, MSo. The new edition has a few new sections, a strong new focus on the value of judicious exercise therapy, and updated and expanded citations for many key points. Read more about the 2nd edition.
L	2014	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Major update — The first complete professional editing of this book has now been completed. Although the difference will not be obvious to most readers, several hundred improvements and corrections were made, and it is definitely a smoother read.
M	2014	Tennis Elbow Guide — General editing and more details throughout first half. New section about exercise. Improved description of forearm mobilizations.
S	2014	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Science update — Added some important acknowledgements that the science of trigger points is a bit half-baked, and linked out to much more information for the curious.
M	2014	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — More content — Explanation of the difference between a subluxation and a MID.
S	2014	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Minor update — Added Digital Motion X-ray.
M	2014	Your Back Is Not Out of Alignment — Added interesting perspective from veterinary medicine: as with humans, correlations between structure and pain and disability in animals are poor.
L	2014	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Major edit — Modernized. I continue to hone my understanding of pain weirdness science and its implications.
S	2014	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Minor update — New footnotes about the theory of acupuncture/trigger point overlap.
S	2014	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Minor update — Plugged a good quality microbreaking reminder app Backache… which was actually inspired by this book. Very cool!
S	2014	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Minor Update — Added some humour: a funny video about a core strengthening product.
S	2014	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Science update — And, so sorry, it’s bad news.
S	2014	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Science update — Added citation to a key 2012 study of the effectiveness of adjustment for neck pain.
L	2014	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — New — A new section, but also a summary of an existing free article.
L	2014	Tennis Elbow Guide — Traffic to this article has increased sharply, so I gave it some love: a thorough general upgrade. I particularly clarified icing rationale and diagnosis.
S	2014	Pain & Injury Survival Tips — New tip — New tip about an extremely efficient, convenient exercise routine.
S	2014	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Minor addition — Brief review of calf-stretching gadgets.
S	2014	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — Minor update — Added a fun sidebar about a bizarre source of shin pain.
L	2014	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New section — A minor topic, but one of the most overdue sections I’ve ever added to the book: I’ve been asked about these devices a lot over the years.
S	2014	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Science update — More perspective and detailed information on stretching for recovery.
L	2014	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — New section — A new section mostly based on a particularly striking new treatment story from a reader.
M	2014	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Upgraded — Much more information about the (minor) significance of bone spurs. They may not matter a lot, but it’s good, useful, evidence-based context.
M	2014	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Updated — Added good news story from a reader about a case with a cyst, and improved the information about cysts at the same time.
L	2014	Does Massage Therapy Work? — New section — New section about massage for fibromyalgia and Li et al.
S	2014	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Science update — Added evidence about the effect of massage on fibromyalgia.
L	2014	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Major update — The first complete professional editing of this book has now been completed. Although the difference will not be obvious to most readers, several hundred improvements and corrections were made, and it is definitely a smoother read.
M	2014	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Editing — General revision for quality. Added the cheek-bite analogy story for colour.
M	2014	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Editing — General revision for quality.
M	2014	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Rewritten — Cleaned up and modernized, more information, especially a more useful and evidence-based self-treatment tip.
M	2014	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Rewritten — Cleaned up and modernized, more information, especially a more useful and evidence-based self-treatment tip.
S	2014	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Minor update — Added a story about phantom limb pain.
L	2014	Healer Syndrome — Added section “Chronic pain may not have a solution.”
L	2014	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Major update — The first complete professional editing of this book has now been completed. Although the difference will not be obvious to most readers, several hundred improvements and corrections were made, and it is definitely a smoother read.
M	2013	Your Back Is Not Out of Alignment — Added evidence that being a dirty rotten pronator is … no big deal. Also (finally) added a concluding section about alternatives to structuralism.
S	2013	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Science update — A (slightly) good news science update about the effect of stretching on recovery.
S	2013	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — Science update — Added another bad-news citation, and type of evidence.
S	2013	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Science update — Added another bad-news citation, and type of evidence.
S	2013	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Minor update — Added some great backup from a terrific surgeon blogger — who advocates for the necessity of testing placebo surgeries, exactly as I have in this section for many years.
S	2013	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Minor update — Minor but fascinating new item about the myth of anaesthetic paralysis and the dominance of the CNS over muscle tone — the kind of nifty item I just love to add to the book!
M	2013	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Expanded — Added subsection on electroacupuncture.
M	2013	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update — Reporting on the greatest hits of back pain science (Machado 2009, a source of several important points here and in other sections).
S	2013	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Minor yoga update — Added a reference and paragraph about the risks of yoga, which are minor but real, especially for neck pain.
L	2013	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — New section — An introduction to one of the most important theoretical challengers to the traditional explanation for trigger points.
L	2013	Does Fascia Matter? — New section — Well, sort of new. I blogged about this in the summer of 2011, and I’m just now getting around to transplanting it here. But “here” was always its ultimate destination.
S	2013	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — Science update — I didn’t really ever expect a science update about tuning-fork diagnosis. But here it is! See the concluding footnote.
S	2013	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Minor update — Added a fun science item about the amazing ankle mobility of the Twa people of Africa.
S	2013	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Science update — Added a bad-news citation. Sorry about that.
S	2013	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Science update — Added a bad-news citation. Sorry about that.
L	2013	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — New section — Intriguing new evidence of circulatory impairment in PFPS patients.
L	2013	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — New section.
S	2013	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Minor update — Added a couple paragraphs about exactly where in a muscle strains tend to occur, and why.
S	2013	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — New case study — Added a fascinating and extreme example of the effect of running style from a case study of an ultra-runner.
S	2013	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update — Some science showing that the effect of hamstring tightness on back function/pain isn’t exactly potent.
M	2013	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Science update — Added some science, to start building an evidence-based case for resting.
S	2013	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Science update — Another good news science update: more about how surprisingly well knees handle running.
S	2013	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update — Interpretation of a little junky new science about Pilates.
S	2013	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Science update — Added a new study to the pile of evidence that abnormalities are common in healthy people and vice versa.
M	2013	Does Massage Therapy Work? — Science update — Updated several references, and added an important new one about massage for low back pain, which also spawned an entire new section about the failure of supposedly “advanced” massage techniques.
M	2013	Mind Over Pain — Science update — A couple of clarifications inspired by, and quotes from a new article by Lorimer Moseley for theConversation.com: Pain really is in the mind, but not in the way you think.
S	2013	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — Minor science update — Added a tiny, flawed study about yoga for neck pain (for what little it’s worth).
S	2013	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Minor update — Added a quote that beautifully expresses the reason for treating chronic pain with … maturity.
S	2013	Does Fascia Matter? — Minor update — Edited introduction for clarity, and added a couple new “to-do” topics.
S	2013	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — New recommendation — Now recommending a specific type of MRI to scan for bone swelling. Thanks to reader R Russell for the suggestion.
S	2013	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Science update — A particularly “good news” science update about how running is, counterintuitively, actually pretty good for joints — not hard on them.
M	2013	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Science update — A particularly “good news” science update about how running is, counterintuitively, actually pretty good for joints — not hard on them.
L	2013	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Major update — Much more detailed and evidence-based tips for estimating recovery time.
M	2013	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Update — A new introduction for the chapter about the trend of anti-running “science.”
S	2013	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Minor update — Added a reader anecdote about stretching the IT band helping her anterior knee pain.
L	2013	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New section — Important new chapter about a hype-hot news item.
S	2013	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Minor update — Added a terrific quote from a famous podiatrist about inconsistency in orthotics prescriptions.
M	2013	Guide to Repetitive Strain Injuries — Revised the introduction a bit: just a little richer and creamier.
M	2013	Tennis Elbow Guide — Added surgery section with fascinating results of placebo surgery.
L	2013	Does Posture Matter? — New section.
M	2013	Mind Over Pain — Science update — Added an important good-news citation, Vibe-Fersum et al, and discussion.
S	2013	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Science update — Good news update: new study shows a clear reduction in nonspecific musculoskeletal pain after vitamin D supplementation.
S	2013	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — New evidence — Rare good news: the first good quality scientific test showing that reducing fear is actually good medicine. The section got a decent editing as well.
L	2013	The Complete Guide to Neck Pain & Cricks — New section.
S	2013	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New evidence — Rare good news: the first good quality scientific test of “the confidence cure” had promising results — which is just about the best thing that could have happened to this chapter.
M	2013	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Updated — Added more detail and a couple examples.
S	2013	Does Fascia Matter? — Minor update — Interesting new information about what Ida Rolf believed about the relationship beween thixotropy and the idea of fascial release (hint: “nonsense”).
M	2013	When to Worry About Low Back Pain — More editing and minor improvements. Added the barking dog image. Made the article more “shareable,” with new metadata for social media sites.
S	2013	Does Massage Therapy Work? — Minor update — Trivial but fun addition of the sloth cuddling cat video.
S	2013	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Minor update — Apt aging joints humour added, via comedian Louis CK.
S	2013	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Minor update — Minor but nice: a really good new quote adds some entertaining and genuinely fascinating perspective to this section.
S	2013	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Minor update — Interesting, useful new reference.
S	2013	Pain & Injury Survival Tips — Minor update — Upgraded risk and safety information about Voltaren Gel.
S	2013	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Minor update — Upgraded risk and safety information about Voltaren Gel.
S	2013	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — Minor update — Upgraded risk and safety information about Voltaren Gel.
S	2013	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Minor update — Upgraded risk and safety information about Voltaren Gel.
S	2013	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Minor update — Upgraded risk and safety information about Voltaren Gel.
S	2013	The Complete Guide to Muscle Strains — Minor update — Upgraded risk and safety information about Voltaren Gel.
S	2013	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Minor update — Upgraded risk and safety information about Voltaren Gel.
S	2013	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Minor update — Upgraded risk and safety information about Voltaren Gel.
S	2013	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Minor update — Modernized and expanded a bit, a couple new references, and a generally much better explanation of what fibromyalgia is.
M	2013	Does Fascia Matter? — Rewritten — A major editing job, particularly to include the much more specific idea that piezoelectricity accounts for releases.
M	2013	When to Worry About Low Back Pain — Edits and miscellaneous minor improvements. Added one red flag.
L	2013	Does Fascia Matter? — New section.
L	2013	Does Fascia Matter? — New section.
M	2013	Does Massage Therapy Work? — Science update — Important good-science-news additions about the effects of stretching on heart rate regulation, and the effects of massage on anxiety and depression (it reduces them).
L	2013	Does Posture Matter? — Major new version — An all new article, really: almost nothing untouched.
L	2013	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Product upgrade — Audiobook version now available.
M	2013	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Product upgrade — Audiobook version now available. See the announcement for more information.
S	2013	Does Fascia Matter? — Minor update — Several minor additions and edits.
L	2013	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Major update — All major professional treatment options now summarized.
L	2013	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — New section — New standard section I’m introducing to most of the tutorials to “manage expectations.” Too many readers assume there’s going to be a specific miracle treatment plan.
L	2013	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Major update — All major self-treatment options now summarized.
L	2013	The Insomnia Guide for Chronic Pain Patients — Rewrote section, “How to fill those sleepless moments.” The section now deals with the likelihood that it is actually healthy and normal to be awake for a little bit in the middle of the night. A small thing, but the section pretty much had to be completely revised.
L	2013	Pain & Injury Survival Tips — New section.
M	2013	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Edited — Nothing in particular has changed, but it’s definitely a better chapter now.
S	2013	Does Epsom Salt Work? — Improvement — Added an explanation of why it is probably a bad idea to use Epsom salts as a replacement for a tetanus shot after a dirty puncture wound.
L	2013	Pain & Injury Survival Tips — New section.
L	2013	Pain & Injury Survival Tips — New section.
M	2013	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Improved — Expanded and edited. Reflexology and acupuncture added.
S	2013	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — improved — A little more and better advice.
L	2012	Pain & Injury Survival Tips — New section.
S	2012	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Science update — The writing was on the wall, but a new comprehensive review of knee lube jobs has confirmed that knee lube jobs are all washed. The section now reflects that.
L	2012	Pain & Injury Survival Tips — New section.
L	2012	Pain & Injury Survival Tips — New section — Another psychologically oriented pain-busting tip.
L	2012	Pain & Injury Survival Tips — New section — A new section for the only two nutraceuticals I consider worth trying for chronic pain.
M	2012	Pain & Injury Survival Tips — More positive — I have stopped declaring that “all” nutraceuticals are bogus. There are some exceptions, discussed in the following tip.
S	2012	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Science update — Some more evidence showing the role of smoking in chronic pain.
M	2012	Pain & Injury Survival Tips — More positive — I feel better about frictions as a treatment than I used to, so I made this tip sound better.
L	2012	Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements for Pain & Healing — Turned around on creatine. That stuff seems to work as advertised.
S	2012	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Science update — Added references showing connections between smoking and chronic pain.
S	2012	The Complete Guide to Trigger Points & Myofascial Pain — Minor update — Added a funny sidebar about bad anatomy.
S	2012	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Minor update — More detail in my personal story of truly structural foot problem.
S	2012	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update — Added (more) evidence showing the role of smoking in chronic back pain.
S	2012	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Minor update — Added some fun stuff and context about IT band anatomy.
L	2012	Pain & Injury Survival Tips — New section.
S	2012	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Science update — Two new studies of the connection between knee pain and the inner thigh muscles, showing … modest correlations of dubious significance.
M	2012	Pain & Injury Survival Tips — Rewritten — Shifted the focus to elementary pain neurology and a more practical and specific implication: generating a “placebo” effect through education.
M	2012	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — Expanded — Added much more detailed self-help information for trigger points.
M	2012	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Expanded — Added much more detailed self-help information for trigger points.
M	2012	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Expanded — Added much more detailed self-help information for trigger points.
L	2012	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Major upgrade — Rewritten, modernized, expanded.
S	2012	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Minor update — Some customizing of “brain wrangling” for plantar fasciitis.
S	2012	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Minor update — Some customizing of “brain wrangling” for patellofemoral pain syndrome.
S	2012	Shin Splints Treatment, The Complete Guide — Science update — Weak but interesting new evidence on natural running and injury prevention.
S	2012	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Science update — Weak but interesting new evidence on natural running and injury prevention.
S	2012	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Science update — Weak but interesting new evidence on natural running and injury prevention.
S	2012	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Science update — Weak but interesting new evidence on natural running and injury prevention.
L	2012	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Major update — Greatly expanded. Now offers a comprehensive summary of all treatment options: the good, the bad and the ugly.
L	2012	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — New section — New standard section I’m introducing to most of the tutorials to “manage expectations.” Too many readers assume there’s going to be a specific miracle treatment plan.
L	2012	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — New section — An important new section created as a direct response to reader demand.
M	2012	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Medium update — Added a few paragraphs about foam rolling and trying to “elongate” the IT band.
S	2012	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Science update — Added evidence from the first foam rolling research ever done.
S	2012	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update — New reference strongly supporting a key, controversial point.
M	2012	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Rewritten — Bigger, better, more positive discussion of this option.
L	2012	The Complete Guide to IT Band Syndrome — Major update — Numerous significant clarifications, revisions, and new references, and a generally stronger recommendation.
S	2012	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Minor update — Added an intriguing quote about evolution and the lack of back pain in hunter gatherers.
L	2012	Complete Guide to Plantar Fasciitis — Major update — A “minor” science item really changed the tone of this section. The point is still the same — avoid heels — but now it’s a more interesting point.
S	2012	The Complete Guide to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome — Science update — A minor but interesting new item about high heels.
S	2012	The Complete Guide to Low Back Pain — Science update — Put “foot fear” in context with some reassuring high heels science.