Endurance running and the evolution of Homo
original abstract†Abstracts here may not perfectly match originals, for a variety of technical and practical reasons. Some abstacts are truncated for my purposes here, if they are particularly long-winded and unhelpful. I occasionally add clarifying notes. And I make some minor corrections.
Striding bipedalism is a key derived behaviour of hominids that possibly originated soon after the divergence of the chimpanzee and human lineages. Although bipedal gaits include walking and running, running is generally considered to have played no major role in human evolution because humans, like apes, are poor sprinters compared to most quadrupeds. Here we assess how well humans perform at sustained long-distance running, and review the physiological and anatomical bases of endurance running capabilities in humans and other mammals. Judged by several criteria, humans perform remarkably well at endurance running, thanks to a diverse array of features, many of which leave traces in the skeleton. The fossil evidence of these features suggests that endurance running is a derived capability of the genus Homo, originating about 2 million years ago, and may have been instrumental in the evolution of the human body form.
related content
- “The evolution of marathon running: capabilities in humans,” an article in Sports Medicine, 2007.
- Born to run: a hidden tribe, superathletes, and the greatest race the world has never seen, a book by Christopher McDougall. amazon.com
- “The capacity of the human iliotibial band to store elastic energy during running,” an article in J Biomech, 2015.
These four articles on PainScience.com cite Bramble 2004 as a source:
- PS Save Yourself from IT Band Syndrome! — All your treatment options for Iliotibial Band Syndrome reviewed in great detail, with clear explanations of recent scientific research supporting every key point
- PS Are Orthotics Worth It? — A consumer’s guide to the science and controversies of orthotics, special shoes, and other allegedly corrective foot devices
- PS The Runners Knee Diagnostic Checklist — How to tell the difference between the two most common kinds of runner’s knee
- PS Does barefoot running prevent injuries? — A dive into the science so far of barefoot or minimalist “natural” running
